Influence of storage temperature on vickers microhardness of resin composite
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Aug 1, 2018
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Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of three storage temperatures on microhardness of high- and low-viscosity bulk-fill materials and compare them with conventional resin-based composite materials.Material and Methods: Six composite resin-based materials were used in this study (TN, TNB, TNF, FZ250, FB, and FBF), samples were subdivided into three groups based on the pre-curing storage temperature (5°C, 23°C, 37°C). Light polymerization for each material was performed based on the manufacturer’s recommendation using a Bluephase G2 curing unit (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in a high-intensity mode with an irradiance of 1200 mW/cm2. Vickers hardness values of the top and the bottom surfaces of each sample were evaluated using a NOVA 130series, Vickers and Knoop hardness testing instrument under a 200-gram load and a dwell time of 10 seconds.Results: When the tested materials were stored at room temperature (23°C) before testing in the present study, they failed to reach the minimum 80% of the mean bottom to top hardness value ratio except for FZ250 and FBF, where they reached 97.8% and 83.2% respectively.Conclusion: Despite the promising results from this preliminary study, regarding improvement of microhardness with refrigerated composite resins, further research has to be conducted. The enhancement of hardness values associated with preheated composites could be beneficial in countries with warm climates, such as Saudi Arabia.
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How to Cite
Alomozainy, M. (2018). Influence of storage temperature on vickers microhardness of resin composite. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science, 3(2), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v3i2.736
References
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energy dispersive x-ray microanalyzer. Dent Mater J
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properties and degree of cure of bulk-fill composites.
Clin Oral Investig 2013;17: 227-235.
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properties of bulk-fill vs. conventional resin
based composites. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18: 1991-2000.
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of resin composites. Eur J Dent 2008;2: 263-268.
11. Walter R. Effects of temperature on composite resin
shrinkage. Quintessence Int 2009;40: 843-847.
12. Daronch MFA, Rueggeberg, De Goes MF. Monomer
conversion of pre-heated composite. J Dent Res
2005;84: 663-667.
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temperature on the flow properties of resin composite.
Gen Dent 2006;54: 14-16.
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composites according to variations in monomer and filler
composition. Dent Mater 2006;22: 515-526.
15. Mjor IA, Gordan VV. Failure, repair, refurbishing and
longevity of restorations. Oper Dent 2002;27: 528-534.
16. Daronch M. Polymerization kinetics of pre-heated
composite. J Dent Res 2006;85: 38-43.
17. Bagis YH, Rueggeberg FA. Effect of post-cure
temperature and heat duration on monomer
conversion of photo-activated dental resin composite.
Dent Mater 1997;13: 228-232.
18. Lucey S. Effect of pre-heating on the viscosity and
microhardness of a resin composite. J Oral Rehabil
2010;37: 278-282.
19. Muñoz C. Effect of pre-heating on depth of cure and
surface hardness of light-polymerized resin composites.
Am J Dent 2008;21: 215-222.
20. Deb S. Pre-warming of dental composites. Dent Mater
2011;27: e51-59.
21. Osternack FH. Effects of preheating and precooling on the
hardness and shrinkage of a composite resin cured with
QTH and LED. Oper Dent 2013;38: E1-8.
22. Daronch M. Clinically relevant issues related to preheating
composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006;18: 340-350.
23. Bausch JR, de Lange C, Davidson CL. The influence of
temperature on some physical properties of dental
composites. J Oral Rehabil 1981;8: 309-317.
24. Hagge SM. Effect of refrigeration on shear bond strength
of three dentin bonding systems. American J Dent
1999: 131-133.
25. Flury S. Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO
4049 method suitable for bulk-fill materials?. Dent Mater
2012;28: 521-528.
26. Poggio C. Evaluation of Vickers hardness and depth of
cure of six composite resins photo-activated with different
polymerization modes. J Cons Dent 2012;15: 237-241.
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vitro. Sci World J 2013: 5.
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hardness of hybrid and microfilled composite resins. Braz
Dent J 2009;20: 42-47.
29. DeWald JP, Ferracane JL. A comparison of four modes
of evaluating depth of cure of light-activated composites.
J Dent Res 1987;66: 727-730.
30. Ferracane JL. Developing a more complete understanding
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Dent Mater 2005;21: 36-42.
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bottom-to-top surface microhardness and conversion
ratios for a variety of resin composite compositions. Oper
Dent 2004;29: 698-704.
32. Cenci MS. Relationship between gap size and dentine
secondary caries formation assessed in a microcosm
biofilm model. Caries Res 2009;43: 97-102.
33. Fróes-Salgado NR. Composite pre-heating: effects on marginal
adaptation, degree of conversion and mechanical
properties. Dent Mater 2010;26: 908-914.
34. Marovic D. Degree of conversion and microhardness
of dental composite resin materials. J Mol Struct
2012;1044: 299-304.
35. Watts DC, Amer O, Combe EC. Characteristics of
visible-light-activated composite systems. Br Dent J
1984;156: 209-15.
36. Pilo R, Cardash HS. Post-irradiation polymerization of
different anterior and posterior visible light-activated resin
composites. Dent Mater 1992;8: 299-304.
37. Ayub KV. Effect of preheating on microhardness and viscosity
of 4 resin composites. J Can Dent Assoc 2014;80: e12.
38. Prasanna N. Degree of conversion and residual stress of
preheated and room-temperature composites. Indian J
Dent Res 2007;18: 173-176.
39. Feng L, Carvalho R, Suh B. Insufficient cure under the
condition of high irradiance and short irradiation time.
Dent Mater 2009;25: 283-289.
40. Caldas D. Influence of curing tip distance on resin
composite Knoop hardness number, using three different
light curing units. Oper Dent 2003;28: 315-320.
41. Soh MS, Yap AU, Siow KS. The effectiveness of cure of LED
and halogen curing lights at varying cavity depths. Oper
Dent 2003;28: 707-15.
42. Lindberg A, Peutzfeldt A, Van-Dijken JW. Effect of power
density of curing unit, exposure duration, and light guide
distance on composite depth of cure. Clin Oral Investig
2005;9: 71-76.
43. Maghfiroh H, Nugroho R, Probosari N. The effect of
carbonated beverage to the discoloration of polished and
unpolished nanohybrid composite resin. J Dentomaxillofac
Sci 2016;1: 16-19.
44. Zorzin J. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization
properties and extended light curing. Dent Mater
2015;31: 293-301.
45. Cohen ME. Statistical estimation of resin composite
polymerization sufficiency using microhardness. Dent
Mater 2004;20: 158-166.
46. Jim M, Kim S. effect of pre-heating on some physical
properties of composite resin. J Korean Acad Conserv
Dent 2009;34: 30-37.
47. Trujillo M, Stansbury JW. Thermal effects on composite
photopolymerization monitored by realtime NIR.
J Dent Res 2003: 82.
48. Dall'Magro E. Effect of different photoactivation
techniques on the bond strength of a dental composite.
Braz Dent J 2007;21: 220-224.
49. Galvao MR. Evaluation of degree of conversion and
hardness of dental composites photo-activated with
different light guide tips. Euro J Dent 2013;7: 86-93.
and incremental-filled/occlusally irradiated composite
resins. J Prosthet Dent 2007;98: 129-40.
2. Burgess J, Cakir D. Comparative properties of low-shrinkage
composite resins. Compend Contin Educ Dent
2010;2: 10-15.
3. Ilie N, Hickel R. Investigations on a methacrylate-based
flowable composite based on the SDR technology.
Dent Mater 2011;27: 348-355.
4. Ilie N, Kessler A, Durner J. Influence of various irradiation
processes on the mechanical properties and polymerisation
kinetics of bulk-fill resin based composites. J Dent
2013;41: 695-702.
5. Leprince JG. Physico-mechanical characteristics of
commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent
2014;42: 993-1000.
6. Scougall-Vilchis RJ. Examination of composite resins
with electron microscopy, microhardness tester and
energy dispersive x-ray microanalyzer. Dent Mater J
2009;28: 102-112.
7. Faltermeier A. Influence of filler level on the bond strength
of orthodontic adhesives Angle Orthod 2007;77: 494-498.
8. Czasch P, Ilie N. In vitro comparison of mechanical
properties and degree of cure of bulk-fill composites.
Clin Oral Investig 2013;17: 227-235.
9. Bucuta S, Ilie N. Light transmittance and micromechanical
properties of bulk-fill vs. conventional resin
based composites. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18: 1991-2000.
10. Uctasli MB. Effect of preheating on the mechanical properties
of resin composites. Eur J Dent 2008;2: 263-268.
11. Walter R. Effects of temperature on composite resin
shrinkage. Quintessence Int 2009;40: 843-847.
12. Daronch MFA, Rueggeberg, De Goes MF. Monomer
conversion of pre-heated composite. J Dent Res
2005;84: 663-667.
13. Knight JS, Fraughn R, Norrington D. Effect of
temperature on the flow properties of resin composite.
Gen Dent 2006;54: 14-16.
14. Lee JH, Um CM, Lee IB. Rheological properties of resin
composites according to variations in monomer and filler
composition. Dent Mater 2006;22: 515-526.
15. Mjor IA, Gordan VV. Failure, repair, refurbishing and
longevity of restorations. Oper Dent 2002;27: 528-534.
16. Daronch M. Polymerization kinetics of pre-heated
composite. J Dent Res 2006;85: 38-43.
17. Bagis YH, Rueggeberg FA. Effect of post-cure
temperature and heat duration on monomer
conversion of photo-activated dental resin composite.
Dent Mater 1997;13: 228-232.
18. Lucey S. Effect of pre-heating on the viscosity and
microhardness of a resin composite. J Oral Rehabil
2010;37: 278-282.
19. Muñoz C. Effect of pre-heating on depth of cure and
surface hardness of light-polymerized resin composites.
Am J Dent 2008;21: 215-222.
20. Deb S. Pre-warming of dental composites. Dent Mater
2011;27: e51-59.
21. Osternack FH. Effects of preheating and precooling on the
hardness and shrinkage of a composite resin cured with
QTH and LED. Oper Dent 2013;38: E1-8.
22. Daronch M. Clinically relevant issues related to preheating
composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006;18: 340-350.
23. Bausch JR, de Lange C, Davidson CL. The influence of
temperature on some physical properties of dental
composites. J Oral Rehabil 1981;8: 309-317.
24. Hagge SM. Effect of refrigeration on shear bond strength
of three dentin bonding systems. American J Dent
1999: 131-133.
25. Flury S. Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO
4049 method suitable for bulk-fill materials?. Dent Mater
2012;28: 521-528.
26. Poggio C. Evaluation of Vickers hardness and depth of
cure of six composite resins photo-activated with different
polymerization modes. J Cons Dent 2012;15: 237-241.
27. Torres CRG. Influence of concentration and activation
on hydrogen peroxide diffusion through dental tissues in
vitro. Sci World J 2013: 5.
28. Osternack FH. Impact of refrigeration on the surface
hardness of hybrid and microfilled composite resins. Braz
Dent J 2009;20: 42-47.
29. DeWald JP, Ferracane JL. A comparison of four modes
of evaluating depth of cure of light-activated composites.
J Dent Res 1987;66: 727-730.
30. Ferracane JL. Developing a more complete understanding
of stresses produced in dental composites during polymerization.
Dent Mater 2005;21: 36-42.
31. Bouschlicher MR, Rueggeberg FA, Wilson BM. Correlation of
bottom-to-top surface microhardness and conversion
ratios for a variety of resin composite compositions. Oper
Dent 2004;29: 698-704.
32. Cenci MS. Relationship between gap size and dentine
secondary caries formation assessed in a microcosm
biofilm model. Caries Res 2009;43: 97-102.
33. Fróes-Salgado NR. Composite pre-heating: effects on marginal
adaptation, degree of conversion and mechanical
properties. Dent Mater 2010;26: 908-914.
34. Marovic D. Degree of conversion and microhardness
of dental composite resin materials. J Mol Struct
2012;1044: 299-304.
35. Watts DC, Amer O, Combe EC. Characteristics of
visible-light-activated composite systems. Br Dent J
1984;156: 209-15.
36. Pilo R, Cardash HS. Post-irradiation polymerization of
different anterior and posterior visible light-activated resin
composites. Dent Mater 1992;8: 299-304.
37. Ayub KV. Effect of preheating on microhardness and viscosity
of 4 resin composites. J Can Dent Assoc 2014;80: e12.
38. Prasanna N. Degree of conversion and residual stress of
preheated and room-temperature composites. Indian J
Dent Res 2007;18: 173-176.
39. Feng L, Carvalho R, Suh B. Insufficient cure under the
condition of high irradiance and short irradiation time.
Dent Mater 2009;25: 283-289.
40. Caldas D. Influence of curing tip distance on resin
composite Knoop hardness number, using three different
light curing units. Oper Dent 2003;28: 315-320.
41. Soh MS, Yap AU, Siow KS. The effectiveness of cure of LED
and halogen curing lights at varying cavity depths. Oper
Dent 2003;28: 707-15.
42. Lindberg A, Peutzfeldt A, Van-Dijken JW. Effect of power
density of curing unit, exposure duration, and light guide
distance on composite depth of cure. Clin Oral Investig
2005;9: 71-76.
43. Maghfiroh H, Nugroho R, Probosari N. The effect of
carbonated beverage to the discoloration of polished and
unpolished nanohybrid composite resin. J Dentomaxillofac
Sci 2016;1: 16-19.
44. Zorzin J. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization
properties and extended light curing. Dent Mater
2015;31: 293-301.
45. Cohen ME. Statistical estimation of resin composite
polymerization sufficiency using microhardness. Dent
Mater 2004;20: 158-166.
46. Jim M, Kim S. effect of pre-heating on some physical
properties of composite resin. J Korean Acad Conserv
Dent 2009;34: 30-37.
47. Trujillo M, Stansbury JW. Thermal effects on composite
photopolymerization monitored by realtime NIR.
J Dent Res 2003: 82.
48. Dall'Magro E. Effect of different photoactivation
techniques on the bond strength of a dental composite.
Braz Dent J 2007;21: 220-224.
49. Galvao MR. Evaluation of degree of conversion and
hardness of dental composites photo-activated with
different light guide tips. Euro J Dent 2013;7: 86-93.