Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis accompanied with oral malignant lesions in HIV-Infected Patient: Case report

Dian Angriany, Hendri Susanto, Adiastuti Endah, Bagus Soebadi — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Oral candidiasis is the most opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patient. Neoplasms may also frequently be found in the oral cavity of HIV/AIDS patient and may indicate the progression of HIV infection. Case Report: A 56-year-old complaint of yellowish-white spots in oral cavity and swelling in the palate accompanied with shortness of breath and difficulty in eating and swallowing. Various medication was used to relieve the complaints but there were no improvements. He claimed a weight loss of 10 kg in last three months. Physically showed pale and weakness. Intraorally, diffuse pseudomembranous was found throughout the oral cavity to pharynx, and an exophytic mass with red color at the palate area extending to oropharynx. Direct mycology test, complete blood count examination and HIV rapid test were conducted. Results: Topical antifungal and antiseptic mouthwash was prescribed after direct mycology test result was positive for Candida albicans, a reactive anti-HIV examination with immunochromatography confirmed the patients was HIV and referral to head and neck oncologist for the Kaposi’s sarcoma. In second visit, two days after therapy, the pseudomembrane slightly reduced, but complaints of tightness still felt. Unfortunately, the patients passed away after second visit and have not yet received therapy from head and neck oncologist. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis may be the oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS which may accompanied by oral malignant lesions. Due to the late management of the oral candidiasis and oral malignant lesion, may result in poor prognosis for the treatment of the patient.

Incorrect management of a broken abutment screw

Paolo Boffano, Emanuele Ruga , Anna M. Agnone , Vincenzo Rocchetti — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Implant abutment screw fracture is an uncommon though challenging complication. A fractured abutment screw should be removed without damaging the threads of the screw channel to reuse the prosthesis.

To retrieve the fractured part without severing the threads, various procedures have been proposed, such as to try to unscrew the fractured part using a strong, straight and pointed probe, or to prepare a small dent into the center of the fractured part using a small round diamond burr or a fissure burr in a counter clockwise motion. Various screw removal kits have been introduced to this aim, but with inconsistent results.

When a physician does not manage to remove the fractured screw in either way, he/she often chooses to either replace the implant, which can be an expensive option, or abandon the implant and cover it with soft tissue, which may lead to compromised function, phonetics, or esthetics. Instead, saving the implant would great benefit patients. To this aim, the conversion of the screw chamber into a dowel space for a dowel-core and crown restoration has been proposed, thanks to the aid of laser-welded titanium for example. Instead, other techniques do not seem to have been commonly accepted.

The aim of the present article is to present the incorrect management of a fractured abutment screw by a classic surtex post.

MTA apical plug in non-vital permanent tooth with an open apex: A case report

Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: This case report aimed to describe a case of a post-core-crown restoration in an anterior tooth that had been endodontically treated with a direct monobloc technique using a composite resin material. Methods: After root canal treatment on tooth 11, a post cavity was made in the root canal with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 5 mm. The post cavity was then filled with dual-cure resin cement and light-polymerized. Next, the core build-up is carried out using the same material, and crown preparation is carried out with a circumferential chamfer margin. The crown was made with direct composite resin materials with the aid of a silicone key to create a palatal enamel wall and then proceeded with the bilaminar technique until the crown was finished. Results: Three months' follow-up showed that the restoration was still in good condition and could function optimally. Conclusion: Post-core-crown restoration using direct monoblock technique using composite resin material shows good results and is aesthetically acceptable after three months of follow-up.

Keywords: Endodontically treated tooth, Post-Core-Crown, Monoblock

Effect of 10% kepok banana peel extract gel (musa paradisiaca linn. kepok) application on periodontal regeneration process in periodontal healing of wistar rat (rattus norvegicus): In vivo study

Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the effect of application of 10% Kepok banana peel extract gel (Musa paradisiaca linn. Kepok) on periodontal regeneration process in periodontal healing of wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus).

Methods: Fourty-eight wistar rats were divided into 3 groups, namey 16 rats as the positive control group (Aloclair gel), 16 rats as the negative control group (CMC-Na gel 2%) and 16 rats as the treatment group (10% Kepok banana peel extract gel). The induction of periodontitis was performed using modified ligation technique for 7 days with additional injection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria on the first day. Wistar rats were euthanized on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 for histological analysis to evaluate the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Radiographs were taken on day 21 using digital periapical radiograph (PaloDex Oy). Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD tests.

Results: Data analysis showed a significant difference in the cell numbers among the groups. A decreasing number of lymphocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts could already be observed since the 1st day, so could an increasing number of fibroblasts and osteoblasts. The fibroblasts and osteoblasts of the treatment group already reached their peak on the 5^th day, faster than the negative control and positive control groups that reached their peaks on the 7^thday.

Conclusion: The application of 10% Kepok banana peel extract gel (Musa paradisiaca linn. Kepok) caused significant acceleration of periodontal regeneration process in periodontal healing of wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus).

Effectiveness of moringa oleifera leaf extract nanoparticles in cleaning smear layer on the apical third of root canal walls

Juni J. Nugroho, Musthika Jathiasih, Nurhayaty Natsir — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To evaluate the cleanliness smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall in teeth irrigated with 5% and 10% Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles. Method: Vitro experimental laboratory with posttest control group design. A total of 30 mandibular permanent premolars were decorated to an average tooth length of 13 mm. The teeth were divided into 5 groups, with 6 samples per group and each sample was irrigated with 5 ml for 5 minutes. Group I (negative control) irrigated with aquadest steril, group II (positive control) irrigated with NaOCl 5,25%, group III (positive control) irrigated with a combination of NaOCl 5,25% and EDTA 17%, group IV (test group) irrigated with Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles 5% and group V (test group) irrigated with Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles 10%. All samples were tested for cleanliness of the smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall using CLSM. Result: Average score cleanliness of the smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall the highest are groups IV and V but not significantly different from group III. Groups IV and V were significantly higher than groups II and I, while the lowest was group I. Conclusion: Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles 5% and 10% were effective in cleaning the smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, nanoparticles, smear layer, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

Knowledge and awareness on consumption of bubble tea towards obesity and caries risks: A cross-sectional study

Nurul A. Yahya, Nor AA. Zulkifli, Nadhierah AM. Rosni — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Bubble tea has become a top-notch favourite among millennials worldwide. Bubble tea is a significant source of sugar in the diet, and its consumption is increasing in most countries. This study aims to determine the knowledge and awareness of the consumption of bubble tea towards obesity and caries risks among young adults.
Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire. A convenience sampling method was used in this study. The questionnaire assessed the respondents' bubble tea consumption, their knowledge and awareness of the implication of obesity, and caries risk from consuming bubble tea.
Results: A total of 387 young adults aged between 20-29 years old (98.7%) were included in the study. The majority were female (56.8%), of Malay ethnicity (91.7%), and had high education levels (87.3%). Most respondents (n=283, 73.1%) rarely consumed bubble tea in this study. The respondents' most consumed bubble tea brand was Tealive (61.8%). A statistically significant association was found among the respondents between awareness of sugar content in bubble tea and its adverse effects on health (ϰ2 = 9.448, p=0.002).
Conclusion: Most young adults rarely drink bubble tea however; they have limited knowledge and self-awareness of the implications for obesity from calorie intake and caries risk from sugar in bubble tea.

Anti-Osteoclastogenesis effects of gambir extract gel in periodontitis

Hervina, Dwis Syahriel, IGA D. Haryani, NLP SM. Adnyasari, Haris Nasutianto — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling is being considered as the pathway periodontitis induces osteoclastogenesis. Alveolar bone resorption and increased osteoclast activity are both triggered by a greater RANKL/OPG ratio in periodontitis. Gambir contains catechins and quercetin, which have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to analyze the anti-osteoclastogenesis effect of gambir extract gel through RANKL and OPG serum levels, the number of osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in alveolar bone tissue of Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups, each receiving a different treatment: Group I received a placebo gel, Group II received Tetracycline gel, Group III received 8% gambir extract gel, and Group IV received 10% gambir extract gel. After 21 days, the serum levels of RANKL and OPG were assessed using ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the bone tissue preparation was followed by microscopic counting of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Results: Significant differences in RANKL serum levels were seen in Group I (0.70 + 0.020) with Group III (0.031 + 0.014) (p=0.018) and Group I with Group IV (0.038 + 0.012) (p=0.041). Serum levels of OPG differed significantly between Groups I (0.165+0,125) and IV (0.536+0.182) p=(0.015). The number of Osteoblast in Group I (1.16+ 0.40) and IV (1.33+1.03) were significantly different (p=0.023). The number of Osteoclast in Group I (4.33+1.50) and IV (1.5+0.83) were significantly different (p=0.008). Conclusion: Gambir Extract Gel 10% inhibits osteoclastogenesis by increasing osteoblast and decreasing osteoclast numbers by more than 8%, decreasing RANKL, and elevating OPG serum levels.

Keywords: Gambir Extract Gel, Osteoclastogenesis, Periodontitis

Relationship of psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar City

Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Background : Depression can have a negative influence on dental health and increase the chance of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar

Methods : This study is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design, was conducted in January 2022. The population in this study was 36 commercial sex workers in Makassar City, using total sampling technique. Exclusion criteria consisted of commercial sex workers who experienced cognitive impairment and commercial sex workers who did not complete the questionnaire. Psychological distress status was assessed using the General Health Questions (GHQ), and Depression syndrome using DSM-IV criteria. Oral health status was assessed using OHI-S and DMF-T.

Results : Based on the OHI-S score, the sample had an average value of 5.45 ± 6.70, the DMF-T index, the sample had an average value of 7.76 ± 5.18, the mental health score for psychological pressure had an average of 20.72 ± 8.46 and depressive symptoms had an average of 10.52 ± 6.86.

Discussion : This study found a significant relationship between psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar. Sex workers often feel they do not need oral health services and most of the pressure is always on sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Conclussion : There is a significant relationship between psychological distress and depressive symptoms, with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar City.

Demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft enhance osteoblast viability and proliferation for jaw regeneration materials

Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the viability and proliferation properties of the DFDBBX in MC3T3-E1 cell line Material and Methods Bovine was milled to reach nano sizes of 100-200 nm. We used 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL to incubate MC3T3-E1 cells in the following experiment. Immunocytochemistry methods were performed using a Live/Dead cell imaging kit to investigate the viability of MC3T3-E1. To investigate the proliferation of MC3T3-E1, ICC was performed using an anti-Ki67 antibody. Using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), the cells were observed at LSIH Brawijaya University. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05 Results The highest intensity of living cells was DFDBBX 8 mg/ml on day 7 (739.46 A.U.; p < 0.05), indicating that DFDBBX 8 mg/ml had an effect of increasing cell viability two times compared to control. Ki67 intensity in MC3T3-E1 cell culture was highest on day seven and treated DFDBBX 8 mg/ml (186.04 A.U.; p< 0.05), which indicated the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells increased nine times compared to the first day and two times greater than the control group Conclusion DFDBBX have great viability and proliferation properties, which shows potentially as biomaterials to repair bone loss

Osteocalcin levels evaluation of freeze-dried homologus platelet-rich plasma in periodontal treatment

Niken Olivia, Kwartarini Murdiastuti — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate enhanced osteocalcin levels by using freeze-dried homologous platelet-rich plasma (FD HPRP) in periodontal treatment to support the osteogenesis process.

Material and Methods: FD HPRP was made by HPRP from the blood bank, then freeze-drying and for sterilization, the γ-radiation process was carried out with doses of 20 and 25 kGy. The osteoblast (Cell line MG63) was cultured to confluent and then treated with FD HPRP 20 kGy, FD HPRP 25 kGy. Osteocalcin levels were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the 7th and 14th days. The data were analyzed using a t test

Results: There was a significant difference in the osteocalcin levels between FD HPRP 20 and FD HPRP 25 (p<0.05). Osteocalcin levels increased on day 14 in each group and the highest one on the 7^th and 14^thdays was FD HPRP 25.

Conclusion: The present results showed that FD HPRP with simple preparation could support the osteogenesis process

Surface roughness and surface hardness changes in composite resin provisional crown before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste

Dea S. Putri, Ika Andryas — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To determine the surface roughness and surface hardness difference in composite resin provisional crown before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste.

Material and Methods: This was a pre- and post-test group design experimental study. In this study, the sample was a composite resin provisional crown based on bis-acryl. The number of samples in this study was 32 samples, 16 for the surface roughness test and the other 16 for the surface hardness test. Each sample was brushed using a V8-Brushing Machine Modified, then tested for surface roughness and hardness using a Profilometer and Vickers Hardness Tester.

Results: The paired T test was used to analyze the results statistically. There was a significant difference between the groups before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste. (p<0.05).

Conclusion: After simulated brushing with whitening toothpaste, there was a change in the the provisional crown material surface roughness and hardness value.

Cytotoxicity differences from roots and leaves ethanol extracts of Annona muricata Linn on HSC-3

Naftalia M. Rizki, Moehamad O. Roeslan — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine cytotoxicity differences between ethanol extract of A. muricata roots and leaves against HSC-3 cell line.

Material and Methods: HSC-3 cell lines were treated with ethanol extracts of A. muricata roots and leaves with 100, 30, 10, and 1 μg/mL concentrations for 24 hours. The percentage of cell viability was measured using MTT assay.

Results: The results showed significant differences (p <0.001) of treatments group compared to negative control. Ethanol extract of A. muricata roots showed the highest cytotoxicity against HSC-3 cell lines.

Conclusion: There is difference in cytotoxicity between ethanol extracts of A. muricata roots and leaves against HSC-3 cell lines where root extracts showed higher cytotoxicity.

Potential of nano hydroxyapatite synthesized from blood clam shells as a remineralizing agent after in-office bleaching

Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: The effect of bleaching on tooth structure is the loss of interprismatic substance which causes prism irregularities and changes in enamel morphology such as increased porosity and demineralization. This can be stopped by encouraging remineralization if the pH is neutralized and there are enough calcium and phosphate ions in the oral cavity. One agent that can be used to help the remineralization process is nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) which is a bioactive and biocompatible material for the natural mineral enamel. This study aims to determine change in the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite synthesized from blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) and CPP-ACP as a positive control. Material and methods: The research design was a pre-post test control group design. Six maxillary first premolars were cut to the CEJ with a size of 5x5x2 mm then 40% hydrogen peroxide was applied. The first group was applied nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and the second group was applied CPP-ACP. Determination the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite was carried out before and after bleaching and after aplication of remineralizing agent. Results: The study showed an decrease the porosity, calcium, phospate and increase hydroxyapatite precentage after sampel was applied to the remineralizating material nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and CPP-ACP. Conlusion: nHA results of blood clam shell synthesis has the potential to be used as an enamel remineralization agent after in-office bleaching.

Key words: Blood clam shell, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, In-office bleaching, Nano Hydroxyapatite

The characteristics of mandibular fracture in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia

Agnesthesia R. Stevhany, Farah A. Putri, Winarno Priyanto — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION Mandibular fracture poses a fatal complication because the mandible plays an essential role in occlusion and aesthetics. The mandible is one of the bones most affected by facial fractures commonly resulting from trauma to the face and may be associated with severe morbidity and serious consequences METHODS The records of 282 patients referred to RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia between January 2017 and January 2021 were analysed retrospectively. Data including age, sex, etiology of mandibular fracture, type of mandibular fracture, and treatment. Incompleted data from the medical record were excluded.

RESULTS Men aged 17-30 years were the most common victims of mandibular fracture. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were responsible in 84% of cases. The most common anatomic site for mandibular fracture was parasymphysis region 28.7 with simple fractures 79%, and 82% of the total fractures were treated with open reduction

CONCLUSION The characteristics of mandibular fracture patients describe trauma patterns in the community. This finding is similar with some readily available literature with RTAs was the most common etiology and parasymphysis was the most common fracture site. Reasons for this high frequency may include the large number of poorly maintained, overloaded vehicles on unsuitable roads, violation of traffic regulations particularly by inexperienced young drivers.

Dentin hypersensitivity treatment with Nd:YAG laser: A systematic review

Vandersun Lestari, Pitu Wulandari, Armia Syahputra — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser to other chemical agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

Methods: Pubmed, EbscoHost, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between 2012 to 2022 in English, reporting randomized clinical trials, completed and with results. This systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines with PROSPERO CRD42022325046, and a critical appraisal of the literature was assessed by using JBI’s Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials.

Results: From 5536 articles found in the search based on keywords, 354 were filtered based on study design and desired period range, and six randomized clinical trials were eligible for the systematic review, reporting patients from 18 to 65 years old, with clinical diagnosis of dentin hypersensitive, that evaluate the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser, compared to pre-treatment using visual analog scale, yeaple probe scale, verbal rating scale and laser doppler flowmetry (LDF). These studies evaluated 159 patients and at least 402 hypersensitive teeth. Follow-up periods were considered from immediate to six months post-treatment. All active ingredients and laser treatment effectively reduce dentin hypersensitive and can maintain its efficacy over time. Only one study suggested treatment with Nd:YAG laser is not significant compared to Er,Cr:YSGG laser.

Conclusion: Nd:YAG presents a significant immediate reduction of dentin hypersensitive and shows promising results in the long time effects. More standardized evaluation protocols should be implemented to increase the robustness of the results.

Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, tooth sensitivity, dentin hypersensitivity treatment, laser, Nd:YAG, dentin desensitizing agent

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis accompanied with oral malignant lesions in HIV-Infected Patient: Case report

Incorrect management of a broken abutment screw

MTA apical plug in non-vital permanent tooth with an open apex: A case report

Effect of 10% kepok banana peel extract gel (musa paradisiaca linn. kepok) application on periodontal regeneration process in periodontal healing of wistar rat (rattus norvegicus): In vivo study

Effectiveness of moringa oleifera leaf extract nanoparticles in cleaning smear layer on the apical third of root canal walls

Knowledge and awareness on consumption of bubble tea towards obesity and caries risks: A cross-sectional study

Anti-Osteoclastogenesis effects of gambir extract gel in periodontitis

Relationship of psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar City

Background : Depression can have a negative influence on dental health and increase the chance of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar

Results : Based on the OHI-S score, the sample had an average value of 5.45 ± 6.70, the DMF-T index, the sample had an average value of 7.76 ± 5.18, the mental health score for psychological pressure had an average of 20.72 ± 8.46 and depressive symptoms had an average of 10.52 ± 6.86.

Discussion : This study found a significant relationship between psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar. Sex workers often feel they do not need oral health services and most of the pressure is always on sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Conclussion : There is a significant relationship between psychological distress and depressive symptoms, with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar City.

Demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft enhance osteoblast viability and proliferation for jaw regeneration materials

Osteocalcin levels evaluation of freeze-dried homologus platelet-rich plasma in periodontal treatment

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate enhanced osteocalcin levels by using freeze-dried homologous platelet-rich plasma (FD HPRP) in periodontal treatment to support the osteogenesis process.

Results: There was a significant difference in the osteocalcin levels between FD HPRP 20 and FD HPRP 25 (p<0.05). Osteocalcin levels increased on day 14 in each group and the highest one on the 7th and 14th days was FD HPRP 25.

Surface roughness and surface hardness changes in composite resin provisional crown before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste

Cytotoxicity differences from roots and leaves ethanol extracts of Annona muricata Linn on HSC-3

Potential of nano hydroxyapatite synthesized from blood clam shells as a remineralizing agent after in-office bleaching

The characteristics of mandibular fracture in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia

Dentin hypersensitivity treatment with Nd:YAG laser: A systematic review

Results: There was a significant difference in the osteocalcin levels between FD HPRP 20 and FD HPRP 25 (p<0.05). Osteocalcin levels increased on day 14 in each group and the highest one on the 7^th and 14^thdays was FD HPRP 25.