Plaque control is the main method for preventing periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine
ia a gold standard mouthrinse but it has a side effect which limits its use. Triclosan
which does not have side effects was used to evaluate its efficacy against
chlorhexidine. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine and
triclosan on undisturbed plaque formation for 72 hours. Two groups, chlorhexidine
and triclosan, respectively consists of 14 volunteers refrained from all mechanical
oral hygiene measures for the following 72 hours and rinsed instead twice daily for 1
minute with 15 mL of either chlorhexidine or triclosan. The plaque accumulation was
assessed after 24, 48 and 72 hours using Modified Quigley-Hein Score. The median
plaque score between both groups on day 1 was not significantly different (p= 0.625),
but the score on day 2 and day 3 were significantly different (p= 0.007 and 0.017
respectively). The score between day 1 and day 3 on subjects using chlorhexidine was
not significantly different (p= 0.109) unlike on subjects using triclosan (p= 0.003).
The conclusion was chlorhexidine is more effective in controlling plaque formation
compared to triclosan.

Conventional glass ionomer cement is a restorative material used in dentistry. Kefir is
a beverage as a result of milk fermentation milk and kefir seeds. Know the change of
surface hardness in conventional glass ionomer cement after soaking in kefir. Nine
sample discs (5 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick)were prepared, each disc contained 6
samples. All samples prepared following the manufacturers’ instructions then kept for
24 hours at room temperature before soaking in aquades and kefir. Vickers
microhardness was used to measure the surface hardness at the top surface of the
sample. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and LSD (p < 0.05). This study
indicated that soaking of conventional glass ionomer cement in aquades and kefir
decreased surface hardness. The conclusion is conventional glass ionomer cement
soaked in kefir for a long time (108 hours) decreased in the surface hardness largely.

Generally, the treatment of immediate partial denture has the objective of enhancing
the aesthetics of the condition and position of protrusive anterior teeth that would
improve the appearance. Case study was carried out on 16-years-old female patient
with overjet far from normal that obstruct closing of the lips. The patient’s profile
looks convex with the labial maxilla protrudes and a clear undercut in anterior
region. The diagnosis of patient was dentoalveolar protrusion along with multiple
diastema, malocclusion class II division I of skeletal relation that caused by localized
aggressive periodontitis. The treatment was construction of immediate partial denture
with immediate extraction of maxillary anterior teeth accompanied with interseptal
alveolectomy. Control was done 24 hours, three days, and seven days after insertion.
Aesthetics, occlusion, articulation, retention dan stabilization looked very good.

Gingival recession is an exposed root surfaces that caused by shifting gingiva toward
apical, and often causes problem. Gingival recession can occur locally or generally at
all teeth causing dentin hypersensitive and susceptible to caries. Other problem is the
lack of aesthetic, especially on anterior teeth. Treatment of all kinds of gingival
recession depends on the severity and causes of recession. Treatments addressed to
overcome the aesthetic problem and hypersensitivity of dentin. Mucogingival surgery
is preferred to position the flap coronally. Non surgical techniques have been
developed to solve the problem of aesthetic and hypersensitive dentin. The method is
conducted to using of artificial gingiva on the recession area. Regular control is
needed to maintain good oral hygiene in order to protect or to avoid the recession.

Orthodontic treatment usually involves tooth movement. The orthodontic force as an
extrinsic mechanical stimulus, evokes a biologic cellular response in the periodontal
supporting ligament. At early stage, it causes inflammation of periodontal tissue
which is followed by the release of cytokines, T cell, B cell, and then MMP enzyme.
MMP-8 (collagenase 2) is a member of matrixin subfamily plays an important role in
periodontal ligament remodeling. It has capability to maintain the cellular structure,
integrity, activity, and function of extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue. The main
component of extracellular matrix is tissue protein, i.e. collagen, fibronectin, and
glicosaminoglycan. During orthodontic tooth movement, collagen degradation occurs
in extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. As a result, it enables
the release of cells from extracellular environment, for example osteoblast moves to
apposition and osteoclast to resorption sites that enable the tooth movement. The
expression and level of MMP-8 can be assessed in the gingival crevicular fluid. The
aim of this review is to describe the role of MMP-8 in orthodontic tooth movement.