Neem is one of the traditional medicine known by society as immunomodulator. On the other hand, 80% of oral
infection diseases is caused by C. albicans. This research is aimed to explain the phagocytosis activities on wistar
rats which were inoculated with C. albicans and fed with neem leaves. There are 5 groups, namely control group
(KO)with no treatment, the other treatment groups were classified into 4 groups. First group (KP1)was inoculated
with C. albicans only. KP2 was fed with 50 mg/day/kg BW aqueous extracts from neem leaves, then inoculated with
C. albicans start from day 8-21. KP3 was fed with 100 mg/day/kg BW aqueous extract from neem leaves, then
inoculated with C. albicans start from day 8-21. KP4 was fed with 200 mg/day/kg BW aqueous extract from neem
leaves, then inoculated with C. albicans start from day 8-21. On day 22, the tongue was swabbed for each group,
then cut for immunohistochemistry preparation. The study that there was significant difference showed that there
were different results computed using anova, HSD test, and linier regression. The conclusion was neem leaves
increased the phagocytosis activity of wistar rats, inoculated with C.albicans.

Oral candidiasis is oral mucosal infectious caused by Candida albicans or non-candida albicans candida (NCAC).
Each Candida species infection has same clinical manifestation, the different only in invasive nature and antifungi
response. C.tropicalis is most virulence NCAC because the most adherence ability to epithelial cells in vitro as well
as medium level proteinase secretion. In addition, C.topicalis is the second most common colony on human. A study
reported of C.tropicalis as causa of 16% hospitalized oral candidiasis, anti fungal drugs and systemic antibiotic
was known as trigger factors. This paper report and discuss oral candidiasis due to C.tropicalis in patient, adult
male, with median rhomboid glossitis. The patient also used broad spectrum antibiotic and topical corticosteroid
with imprecise dose. The management of this case was terminated antibiotic and corticosteroid, oral hygiene
optimalization and was given 0.25% chlorhexidine gluconate. However, oral hygiene optimalization, predisposition
factors elimination, and, precise therapy would give a good prognosis.

Denture treatment has the objective to enhance mastication and aesthetics function of patients. Recently, fixed
partial dentures, crowns or bridges are popular restoration in population. The materials usually used for the
restoration are acrylic, porcelain, composite, and metal. Composite is used due to patient’s unability to come
several times. This case report will discuss the technique of making three unit bridge using composite materials.
This composite restoration is used because the colors can be matched with natural tooth colors and completed in
one visit

The first step of clinical management of the temporomandibular disorders (TMD)is to distinguish the origin of
problem, to classify into myogeneous and joint problems, which have been regarded to be an important process.
Although the precise mechanisms for the symptoms or pathology of these conditions have not yet been clarified,
muscular parafunction or hyperfunction has been regarded to play an important role in the etiology of TMD. Excess
mechanical loading to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been reported to be one of the possible causes for the
development of osteoarthritis. These forces might be exerted through mandibular parafunctions like sleep bruxism or
tooth contacting habit. For clinical control of sleep bruxism, a thick palatal appliance which fills the palate and does
not cover the occlusal surface have been developed. In this review article, clinical implication of the relationship
between occlusion, mastication and bruxism have also been discussed.

Non surgical periodontal therapy is the first step in periodontal therapy procedure. Elimination of biofilm and
mineral deposit from tooth surface is a basic of periodontal therapy. Clinical data showed that the success of long
term periodontal therapy depends on the result of first step compare to spesific surgical therapy. Methods used in
non surgical therapy are mechanical instrumentation, ultrasonic debridement, supragingival and subgingival
irigation, localized drugs, systemic antibiotics, and host response modulation. The successful of periodontal therapy
depends on the management of negative environment and reduction of bacterial pathogen through a combination of
better environment which is less anaerobic for good microorganism to live. The aim of non surgical therapy is to
reduce microbial etiology and factors involved in the progression of gingiva and periodontal. The end result is to
stop the disease progression and to gain healthy gingiva and tissue condition.

The evidence of relation between nutrition and oral health has addressed nutrition issues on a new urgency in
dental practices as a part of efforts in developing quality of care. Nutrition is a modifiable factors and could be
adviced to patients that ensure progression and maintainance of oral health status. Dietary advice to patients
should be positive and personalized if possible and can be in line with general health. This paper is intended to
provide an overview of management of dietary advice for patients with dental caries, periodontal disease and oral
surgery which could be implemented in dental practice setting. The appropriate and specified nutrition advice can
help patient recover from dental disease and achieved the best result of dental treatment and prevention.