The hardness of denture base is influenced with the habit of most commonly consumed. Ulee Kareng Aceh coffee
was atype of robusta coffee which is acidic. The purpose of this study was to determine the change of surface
hardness of acrylic denture base after being immersed in ulee kareng coffee for 3 days. Twelve specimens (5 mm
diameter and 2 mm thickness)were randomly distributed in two groups: control (immersion in distilled water) and
experimental (immersion in Ulee Kareng Aceh coffee). Hardness was measured before and after immersion using
Knoop Microhardness tester (Shimadzu). Data were statistically analyzed by Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon test (α =
0.05). The results of the study showed a significant difference between the groups P < 0.05. The surface hardness of
acrylic denture base decreased after immersion for both group P < 0.05.

The success of orthodontic treatment, particularly with removable orthodontic appliances not only relies on the
expertise of the clinician, but also highly depends on the patient's own. It is necessary to know the extent of the
success rate of an orthodontic treatment. Assessment of malocclusion severity and treatment outcome has become a
very popular object of research conducted by the PAR index. This study aims to determine the success rate of
orthodontic treatment with removable appliances based on PAR Index. The research was carried out on March-May
2011 with samples of patients dental models who had completed orthodontic treatment in the year 2008-2011 at the
Department of Ortodonsia RSGMP UNHAS. Sixty six pairs of dental models fulfilled the inclusion criteria and the
rules of PAR Index. Percentage change in PAR score obtained by 35% in the assessment with no weighted and 36%
was assessment by weighted. This results showed the level of orthodontic treatment success include into the
category of "no change", but with a trend into the category of "a change "with a significant value ρ = 0.000 (ρ <
0.05). It was concluded that there was occlusion improvements in orthodontic treatment with removable appliance,
although very low and therefore need evaluation and improvement of governance maintenance carried out.

Oral infections can be caused by the many microorganisms that occupy the oral cavity. Tongue is one of the
vulnerable areas of the oral cavity occupied by microorganisms, in which colonized bacteria may cause disease.
Mechanical tongue cleansing using tongue scraper can reduce anaerobic bacteria on dorsal of the tongue. The
objective of this study was to observe the difference of anaerobic bacteria amount on dorsal of the tongue before and
after mechanical tongue cleansing using tongue scraper. This was laboratory experimental study with sample
consists of 25 students selected by random sampling method. The results showed that the amount of bacteria is
decreased approximately 28% after tongue cleansing using tongue scraper. Based on the statistical analysis with ttest

on α=0.05, there is a difference on the amount of anaerobic bacteria on dorsal of the tongue before and after
mechanical tongue cleansing using tongue scraper.

Peritonsillar abcess is a infection of head and neck commonly seen. This infection is caused by infection organisme
such as Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Beta-Hemolitik streptococcus), Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus
influenzae, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Peptostreptococcus spp. by the spreading of anaerob
organism to one of loose aerolar space around pharynx and cause the abcess and penentrate to the tonsillar capsule
but which is still in pharynx constrictor muscles boundary. This paper reports a male of 36 years old patient with
chief complaint of ulcer on the hard palate accompanied with tonsillar swelling that made difficulty in swallowing.
The diagnosis was ulceration due to peritonsillar abcess rupture. Amoxycyllin antibiotic, and benzydamine HCl
gargle was precribed to cure the ulcers.

One visit root canal treatment is one of the current treatment needs. Treatment includes cleansing, shaping, and
obturation of the root canal sterilization is done in one visit. The purpose of one visit root canal treatment is to
prevent the expansion of the pulp disease to the periapical tissues and restore normal periapical tissues. In this
paper, it is reported a woman, 28 year old, wanted to improve dental fillings of tooth 11 that have necrosis but have
no periapical lesions. Root canal treatment performed in one visit on tooth 11, which the result was satisfactory. It
can be concluded that pulp necrosis without periapical lesions treated with one visit root canal treatment proved
quite effective in seeing the results of clinical examination and radiographic post-treatment. However, it requires
knowledge, skills, adequate diagnosis and case selection, and employment of asepsis to the success of one visit root
canal treatment.

This paper reviewed of bruxism phenomenon that refers to the grinding or clenching of the teeth during awake or
night sleep. The prevalence of bruxism decreases with age from 14-18% in childhood, 8% of adult population and
3% in the elderly. According to the existing literature, two groups of proposed etiological factors can be
distinguished: peripheral (morphological) and central (pathophysiological and psychological). At present, the
bruxism is more often thought to be regulated centrally, not peripherally. Signs and symptoms of bruxism such as
tooth wear/dental attrition, abfractions, orofacial pain, change of periodontal ligament, mobility, tooth sensitivity,
fractured teeth and fillings, earache, headache, tightness of jaw muscle, chewed tissue on the inside of your cheek,
impact on the esthetic appearance of a smile. There have been many clinical approaches to the treatment of
bruxism. These can be categorized as acute, preventive and chronic management of bruxism, based on patient’s
signs and symptoms. In the case of acute symptoms with patients experiencing pain, pharmaco-therapeutics may be
required. Meanwhile, if tooth wear is present an occlusal splint and stress management are recommended. Dentists
and health professionals should be aware of increasing the phenomenon of bruxism.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)is a component of the stomatognati system that supports oral dental health which
their components are closely interconnected. Posture is a habit that often do not realize that could cause an
imbalance in the joints and muscles, which in turn causes pain. Inadequate body posture can occur on sleep
position, lying down, sitting, walking, and other daily activities. Most people are not aware of the dangers of these
habits. Dentists are expected to shed some light on the habits of this particular posture errors, which if not promptly
removed, it will cause interference with stomatognati systems, such as joint and muscle pain, headache and neck.
Complaints due to bad habits can be reduced significantly by eliminating the habit. So it is with the wrong posture
habits. With improved posture and a series of exercises as well as the care, the health of TMJ can return to normal
with minimal costs. This paper will put forward any posture that can lead to disruption of TMJ.