This study aimed to describe the prevalence of dental caries and malrelation of anterior teeth of Down’s syndrome
children in the city of Makassar. The samples were 46 Down's syndrome children who attended schools for
handicapped children or Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB), namely SLB-C Pembina Tingkat Provinsi, SLB-C Catholic
Rajawali, SLB-D YPAC, and SLB Prima Karya Antang, selected by purposive sampling technique. Each sample was
examined clinically by crossed-sectional approach. Condition of caries was recorded with the DMF-T index. Clinical
observation of anterior teeth including anterior openbite, crossbite, edge to edge, labioversion, crowded was also done.
The results show that the prevalence of dental caries among the Down’s syndrome children in Makassar is 82.6%, the
mean of DMF-T scores is 3.69. According to the interpretation of the WHO, this belongs to moderate category. The
most significant relation is labioversion as with 28.27%. Our results show that Down’s syndrome children in Makassar
have a high prevalence dental caries, with the most significant malrelation is labioversion.

Makassar is a big city with the highest number of dentists in South Sulawesi. Currently there are many dentists in the
city of Makassar using amalgam as a filling material for cheaper and more durable, so it is preferred by patients.
Generally, they have ignored the dangers of exposure to mercury in amalgam through breathing or skin contact. For it
was on this descriptive observational study noted the efforts of Makassar dentist to prevent hazards due to the use of
amalgam in practice. From the general population of dentists who were registered as members of the Indonesian
Dentists Association (IDA) branch Makassar as much as 258 people, based on the opinions of Gay and Diehl with
anticipation drop out of 20%, was obtained a sample of 100 people, but only 67 respondents (male = 13, female = 54)
uses amalgam. The results are efforts to prevent the danger of amalgam achieved 51-75% by 32 respondents (47.7%),
76-100% by 25 respondents (37.3%), 26-50% by 10 respondents (15%), and no respondents who seek prevention of
cross infection hazard to the achievement of 0-25%. Efforts to prevent with the achievement of 51-75% (32
respondents) and 76-100% (25 respondents), could be said to have met the standard, concluded that 85% of dentists in
Makassar have good enough prevention efforts to amalgam while doing their practice.

Dental and oral health education to primary school children is one of the efforts to improve the health of the teeth in
children for the preventive and promotive aspects. The choice of demonstration method on dental and oral health
education to support increasing understanding of the child, with doing practice the correct way to brush teeth. The
purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral health education to decrease plaque index at sixth grade
elementary school students. This research is a quasi-field experimental design with pre and posttest with control group.
Subjects consisted of all sixth grade students in the village Padang Loang, District Patampanua, Pinrang. With cluster
random sampling got 49 students. Data were analyzed using t-test. The results showed that one week after illumination
was applied value of plaque decline 2.269 at the treatment group. While the control group have increasing value of
plaque 0.485. The data indicate that there are effects of oral and dental health education demonstration method in
sixth grade elementary school students. It was concluded that the introduction of the importance of oral health as a
health maintenance efforts should be done from an early ages, it needs good cooperation between students, teachers
and parents.

Bridge is a partial denture that attached permanently to the abutment, to replace missing natural teeth. It is easy to
make GTJ on normal elveolar ridge. But if the alveolar have already resorpted, pontik form need to be modified to
make artificial gingiva to look aesthetic. This paper reported the case of a 40-year-old man that has lost tooth 21
and 22 for eight years. For two last years ago he used a removable denture. Patients feel uncomfort and less
satisfied, so he wanted to made a new denture, a fixed denture and more comfortable. After intra oral and
radiographic examination, conventional metal ceramics made on 11, 21, 22, 23 with the abutments at 11 and 23, as
well as pontik 21 and 22 and the addition of artificial gingiva in the area resorption. The bridge was seen aesthetic.

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) is a disease of primary infection with herpes simplex virus type I, which is
often infects children and late adolescents. However, the disease could affect adults, too. This report aims to discuss
the diagnosis and treatment of a young adult suffered PHGS which is previously diagnosed as pericoronitis. A patient,
24-year-old man, working in the private sector, complained of pain on the gingiva at the posterior wisdom mandibular
teeth, accompanied with pain on pharyng and labium ulceration that did not heal even the patient took drugs from
public health centre. Patient was prescribed acyclovir 200 mg 5 times a day, mouthwash containing anasteticum,
systemic analgesics, and vitamins. The ulceration healed 2 days later. It was concluded that despite PHGS occurs
commonly in children, but the adult could suffer this disease, and detailed anamnesis along with intraoral and
extraoral examination are the main key for accurate diagnosis and therapy.

Imperfect young permanent teeth caused by caries or trauma could become necrotic before it’s growth and
development completed, thus causes imperfect shape of the root canal and an opened apex. Difficulty in treatment of
root canal caused by the absence of apical stop, that makes obturation cannot be accomplished because filling
materials will be pushed to periapex. The purpose of this case report was to report the treatment of anterior teeth
which diagnosed as necrotic with apexification. The material filling is calcium hydroxide with strong base nature
and give antimicrobacterial effect and tissue liquefaction. The result of the treatment was closure of the apex, the
tissue surrounding tooth is in normal range or that absence of radiolusency which is a sign of healing at the
periapical.The conclusion is young permanent tooth which experienced pulp necrotic can be treated with
apexification treatment