Every tribe and race has size of tooth mesiodistal and cervicoincisal different from each other. The most obvious
difference is the size of the teeth between female and male. This study aimed to determine differences in size of
mesiodistal and cervicoincisal maxillary central incisors between male and female of Buginese, Makassarese and
Torajanese. The sample consisted of 30 Buginese, 30 Makassarese, and 30 Torajanese aged frem 18-25 years-old.
After impression of the upper and lower jaw was taken, and size of mesiodistal and cervicoincisal tooth were
measured. After the data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA test, it appears that males have a larger size than
females. Makassarese has the longest mesiodistal size (8.41 mm), Buginese has the longest cervicoincisal size (9.83
mm), whereas Torajanese has the smallest size of mesiodistal and cervicoincisal among the other tribes. It was
concluded that the average sizes of mesiodistal and cervicoincisal of maxillary central incisors showed no significant
difference. While there are significant differences in the average size of the mesiodistal and cervicoincisal maxillary
central incisors between the males and females, and based on tribe lines.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has a very important role in the function of mastication, swallowing and talking.
During the process of chewing, this joint sustains a large amount of stress. Some complex excessive pressure on the
joints can cause structural damage to the joints or interfere with the normal function of the relationship between
condyle, discus and eminence that will result in pain and dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the frequency
representation of TMJ dysfunction in 6-13 years-old children. Descriptive study was conducted by survey on students
of SDN 2 Sengkang-Wajo totaling 297 children, consisting of 157 males and 140 females. The sampling using a
stratified random sampling, by means of sub-populations forming a relatively homogeneous state of the variables.
Results showed that the frequency of TMJ dysfunction with symptoms of pain in the supporting muscles TMJ was
higher (87.34%) compared to other symptoms, followed by symptoms of mouth opening limitation (62.02%), clicking
(43.03%), deflection (21.51%), mouth opening deviation (16.45%), and crepitation (5.06%). Based on the prevalence,
many students of SDN 2 Sengkang suffering from dysfunction TMJ with a variety of symptoms due to low levels of
dental and oral hygiene due to lack UKGS in school.

Tongue cleaning is a simple and quick procedure to eliminate organisms and debris on tongue. Tongue cleaning can
be performed by using a tongue scraper. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the index of
OHI-S and tongue coating, and explain the knowledge of oral hygiene and a tongue scraper tongue at an orphanage in
Makassar. Subjects were children of orphanage Ashabul Kahfi, who attend and agree to all the procedures. Dental
hygiene assessed by OHI-S index and examination of the tongue by tongue coating index. A total of 24 boys and 16
girls were given questionnaires before and after counseling. The results showed no significant correlation between the
two indices (p=0.382). Distribution of the questionnaire answers showed increased correct answers after giving
counseling. However, based on the level of education and gender, showed no significant differences in knowledge
regarding the cleanliness of the tongue and a tongue scraper (p=0.858, p=0.486). Significant differences were also
seen in the comparison group who use and do not use a tongue scraper. It was concluded that there was no significant
correlation between OHI-S index and tongue coating, but counseling would increase knowledge of the child orphanage
Ashabul Kahfi although there was no difference in knowledge regarding the cleanliness of the tongue and a tongue
scraper based on education level and gender.

Recurrent oral herpes simplex infection was the secondary or recurrent form of primary herpes simpex infection. In
human, herpes simplex virus was latent or dormant and could reactivate. Recurrency due to virus reactivation induced
by emotional stress, high fever, ultraviolet exposed, oral tissue or neuron tissue trauma, immunosuppresion condition,
and hormonal disturbance. The aim of this paper was to report and discuss management of recurrent oral herpes
simplex infection which complicated in the diagnosis due to manifestation of both herpes labialis and intraoral lesion
form resembling herpes simplex infection. Patient was a 22 years- old woman, came to Installaton of Dental, dr.
Soetomo Hospital with chief complaint pain were soreness caused by ulcer on the tongue accompanied by tingling near
the upper labial mucosal. Patient was prescribed with acyclovir as causative therapy, mouthwash contain extract of
aloe vera, multivitamins and immunomodulator as supportive therapy. Patient healed 4 days after the first visit. It was
concluded that this case was diagnosed clinically as recurrent oral herpes simplex infections. Causative therapy with
acyclovir administration showed excellent response, as well as supportive therapy immunomodulator that supported
improvement of the immune system so that the frequency of recurrence can be reduced.

An occlusal splint is a removable appliance usually made of acrylic, that fits over the occlusal and incisal surfaces of
the teeth in one arch, creating precise occlusal contact with the teeth of the opposing arch. Occlusal splint has several
functions, one of which is to temporarily provide an temporary occlusion that allows the temporomandibular joints
(TMJ) to make the most othopedically stable joint position. Occlusal splint is also used to protect the teeth and its
supportive structure from abnormal forces that may create breakdown and/or tooth wear. Occlusal splint is reversible
and noninvasive treatment, which is most important in treating temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with many
causative factors involved. Many types of splints have been suggested for the treatment of TMD, but the most frequently
used are the stabilization splint and the anterior positioning splint. The purpose of this paper is to describe the types of
occlusal splints and indication used for the treatment of TMD.

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug that suppresses effectively the immune response, and main drug used to
prevent rejection in organ transplantation. Negative impact in the oral cavity of cyclosporine therapy is characterized
by the occurrence of gingival enlargement in 8-70% of cases, which occurred in the first 3-6 months of use, as well as
the loss of alveolar bone. The effect of the drug on gingival enlargement is a serious problem in patients receiving
cyclosporine therapy. Pathogenesis of gingival enlargement on cyclosporine therapy is not known at all, but the
influence of fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix were estimated reduction capabilities play a role in this
aspect. Dental plaque does not have a significant relationship to the occurrence of gingival enlargement on
cyclosporine therapy, but support the occurrence of chronic inflammation that contributes to gingival enlargement.
Adequate oral hygiene with initial periodontal treatment can reduce inflammation and gingival enlargement due to
cyclosporine therapy. Patients who will undergo organ transplantation, previously had to undergo dental and oral
health care comprehensively.

The use of endosseous implants is directly related to the topography and quality of the patient’s residual bone. Several
techniques have been tried to expand its application through implant design alterations and surgical techniques for bone
augmentation. This article reviews the sandwich osteotomy combined with an interpositional autograft for vertical and
transversal augmentation in the atrophic mandible prior to endosseous implant placement. In conclusion, segmental
mandibular sandwich osteotomy can be recommended to fulfill the dimensional requirements of preimplant bone
augmentation in atrophic posterior mandible.