On orthodontic treatment, accuracy of orthodontic brackets slot size is essential for maximum interaction between the
wire and brackets, so as to distribute the optimal force for tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to determine
the accuracy of orthodontic brackets slot size to 0.018 inch standard sizes that are available in the market. The sample
was selected by using a random sampling system, which consists of 15 types of brackets of 8 bracket manufacturers
with a total sample of 300 samples. Measurements performed on 4 sides of slot bracket, namely the outer and inner
sides of the brackets slot, on mesial and distal sides, using a profile projector (Mitutoyo Type PJ250). The results were
statistically tested using t-test one side. All brackets have a slot size significantly larger than the standard size. The
average percentage of magnification ranged from 5.18-24.29%. So, it was concluded that the size of the slot brackets
available in the Indonesian market greater than their standard.

Musa sp. is one of Kalimantan Selatan original plant that empirically has benefit as herbal medicine for acceleration
of wound healing. Banana contain many phytochemicals such us saponin, flavonoid, and tannin which can be used as
antibiotic, pain relieving and anti inflamantory. This experiment was aimed to know the toxicity effect of methanolic
extract of mauli banana stem inmice livers histopathological. The research is pure experimental study using post test
only with control design. Populations were 25 mices, divided into 5 groups. Group I as negative control group were
given aquadest, and group II, III, IV, and V were given 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg methanolic extract of
Mauli banana stem. They were given treatment daily as long as 21 days. All of the mice were necropsied at day 22, and
the livers were taken for to examine their histopatological changes. Each liver tissue was processed by paraffin blockembededd

and hematoxylin eosin staining method. Histopathological changes were examined based on the present
necrosis, degeneration, and megalohepathosit lesions. The results showed light necrosis, degeneration, and
megalohepathosit on the treatment group. The conclusion was methanolic extract of Mauli banana stem dosage 1251000
mg/kg
bw
is not toxic significantly on the liver of mice.

According to 2009 Indonesian Health Profile Data, pulp and periapical diseases were 8
th
of the 10 outpatients at
hospital. This situation tends to increase become the big of 7. Pulp and periapical diseases occur due to bacterial
infection in the pulp tissue. The bacteria are often found in the root canal, namely E. faecalis, and Actinomyces spp.
Various herbs commonly used by people to treat dental diseases, i.e. root sidaguri. However, sidaguri plants have not
been studied in the field of dentistry as an antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the effects of root sidaguri
against E. faecalis and Actinomyces spp. Inhibition test of ethanol extract of the roots sidaguri against E. faecalis and
Actinomyces spp. using agar diffusion method at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% based on the
measurement of inhibition zone by each concentration. The greatest inhibition against E. faecalis was performed by
concentration of 20% (p<0.05), while no inhibition zone was found on Actinomyces spp. It was concluded that the
ethanol extract of the sidaguri roots was the most effective against E. faecalis at concentration of 20%, but not effective
at all against Actinomyces spp.

This study aimed to determine the effect of alkaline peroxide denture cleanser on the color stability of thermoplastic
nylon denture base. This experimental laboratory research with pretest posttest with control group design used 24
specimens of thermoplastic nylon (valplast) sized 20x20x2 mm as samples. Twelve specimens immersed in alkaline
peroxide denture cleanser solution and the other twelve specimens immersed in aquadest as control. Time interval
submergence once for 1 hour, 8 hours and 12 hours each consisting of 4 specimens in alkaline peroxide solution and 4
specimens in control solution. They were immersed in 8-hours time interval submergence times 7 by changing the
solution of alkaline peroxide every 8 hours, using 4 speciments for each solutions. Using ANOVA and independent ttest,it showed no significant color changes on thermoplastic nylon resin after immersed in alkaline peroxide solution  based on the time interval. However, there was significant color difference on the thermoplastic nylon resin immersed in alkaline peroxide and control solution at second to seventh interval of 8 hours immersed time with increase of time immersing. It was concluded that thermoplastic nylon resin have good stability although immerse in alkaline peroxide denture cleanser

Betel quid tobacco (BQT) chewing is a process of chewing betel leaves, areca nut, lime, gambier, and tobacco. Chewing and chemical stimulation of BQT can affect the salivary profile. The purpose of this study is to observe the differences of salivary profile such as volume, pH, and salivary inorganic component (Na + and phosphate) between BQT chewers and non-chewers. This study is an observation analytic with cross sectional design on 30-60 years old women that live in Rembon district of Tana Toraja (n=96) using cluster random sampling technique. Salivary volume was measured by measured glass, salivary pH was measured by indicator pH (Macherey-Nagel). The content of the salivary inorganic component was seen using atomic absorption spectrophotometer in BPTP Laboratory, Maros. Data were analyzed by t-test and chi square test using SPSS v 15.0. The result were mean of salivary volume (chewers=3.88 ml/10 s; p=0.051). Mean of salivary pH (chewers=6.92; p=0.001). Mean of salivary Na+  (chewers=0.38 ppm; p=0.112), Mg2+ (chewers=11.9 ppm; p=0.002), phosphate (chewers=156.8 ppm; p=0.001), Ca 2+ (chewers=174.8 ppm; p=0.000), K concluded that there was no significant difference on salivary volume, pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg(chewers=445.9 ppm; p=0.429). It was +and K+ content between chewers and non chewers, but the content of salivary Mg 2+, Ca2+and phosphate had significant difference.

In the case of losing many teeth and the residual teeth have short clinical crown, design of the denture may hybrid
denture. Hybrid denture is a removable partial denture with metal frame which have retention in the form of
precision attachment. In short clinical crown, placement of crowns and the use of traction can be a problem,
because there is no or lack of retention. In the manufacture of hybrid denture with precision attachment retention,
using abutment with short clinical crowns is contraindicated. But in some literatures mentioned that the rest of the
clinical crown height of not less than 2 mm can still be used as an abutment, but the abutments must be modified,
such as making a longer preparation towards cervical edge. In several studies and literature, it is mentioned that to
improve the retention of the crown, the axial wall of abutment must be 4-6°. This article is aimed to report the
clinical success of using the hybrid denture on abutment teeth which have short clinical crowns in a patient woman

Periodontal health of prosthodontic patients should be maintained to support the succeed of prosthodontic treatment.
The purpose of periodontal preparation i.e. examination and diagnose of periodontal disease/condition and its
treatment; the need of preprosthetic periodontal surgery is to support the succeed of prosthodontic treatment. It’s
included the quality, quantity, and topography of periodontium and alveolar mucosa, occlusal traumatism, tooth
mobility, and the need of mucogingival surgery, crown lengthening, ridge augmentation etc. The prosthetic procedures
should be done with fully aware of the periodontal health i.e. the roughness of denture surface, the place and condition
of marginal restoration, contact point, and improper the contour of restoration. It is concluded that to support the
succeed of prosthodontic treatment, periodontal preparation should be planned and carried out before prosthodontic
procedures.