Haruan is Kalimantan’s indigenous fish which has the potency to accelerate wound healing. Haruan extract has
substantial properties such as albumin, Zn,Cu, and Feto accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this study is to assess
the effect of haruan extract on wistar rats buccal mucosa wound healing on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 histopathologically. This
study was purely experimental with pretest-posttest with control group design. Samples were divided into 4 treatment
groups, haruan extract 25%, 50%, 100% treatment groups and aquadest treatment group as negative control, each
treatment wasperformed for 7 days. Neocapillariescount reached its peak on day 5. Mean neocapillaries scoring of each
group was 12, 16.5, 18.5, 6 respectively. Two way Anova and post hoc LSD tests presented a significant difference
between negative control and haruan extract groups. In conclusion, haruan extract treatment significantly increased
neocapillaries count in wound healing process.

Mangrove leaf (Avicennia marina) has a role in wound healing process, but its effect in wound healing in oral mucosa
has not been researched yet. This study aimed to prove the effect of A.marina extract against traumatic ulcer and its
effective concentration in traumatic ulcer healing. The subjects of this research are 25 wistar rats that were
randomized into 5 different groups; K0 control, K1 were given hyaluronic acid, P1 were given extract of A.marina
10%, P2 were given extract of A.marina 20%, and P3 were given extract of A.marina 40%. After the subjects were
wounded using amalgam stopper that has been heated before, they were given topical application once daily until
seven days. The ulcer diameter was measured at the second day and day 8 using caliper digital. The data, analyzed
using Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there’s difference in diameters between two groups (p<0.05). The average
diameter differences of traumatic ulcer among rats are K0 = 0.5700 mm
, K1 = 0.8380 mm, P1 = 0.7240 mm, P2 =
0.8440 mm, and P3 = 0.9500 mm. It was concluded that A.marina extract of 10%, 20% and 40% concentrations have
effect in the healing of traumatic ulcer, and 40% is the most effective concentration against traumatic ulcer.

Dental caries is one of the most frequent tooth decays experienced by pre-school children which can interfere with their
growth process
. Maintenance instructions for oral health at home have been made byexperts. Theprogramemphasizes the
prevention of caries. Parental participation is necessary in guiding, giving understanding, reminding, and providing the
facilities to children so they can maintain the cleanliness of their teeth and mouth. The purpose of this observational
analytic cross sectional study was to determine the relation of mothers' knowledge of dental and oral health care and
dental caries status of students at
Kusudarsini Kindergarten in Makassar. Research subjects consisted of 33 kindergarten
students who attended and participated in the study and returned questionnaire study. Pearson correlation test was used
to see the correlation. Correlation between the mother's knowledge and the value of df-t, showed r = -0.263 and p =0.133,
which means there is no statistically significant relationship between knowledge of mothers with dental caries status of
children. This study concluded that there is no significant relationship between mothers' knowledge of dental and oral
health with their children’s caries status. The better the mother's knowledge, the lower df-t value.

Diabetes mellitus (DM)is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism which characterized by increased blood glucose level,
which also increase the salivary glucose level. Glucose is a good medium for the growth of microorganisms including
C.albicans
. One of the most common infections of the oral mucosa of patientswith DM is candidiasis. Chronic candidiasis
may develop to be a malignancy. This study aimed to determine the correlation of salivary glucose levels with blood
glucose levels to the occurrence of oral candidiasis in patients with DM. Analytic observational study was carried out
through the determination of blood glucose levels just by way of strip using a glucometer and salivary glucose levels with
"GODPAP test enzymatic kolometrik
". Oral candidiasis was determined in presenting C.albicans on 30 patients with DM
with seeding Saboround agar and gram staining. The results showed r = 0.228, which is higher salivary glucose levels
followed by high levels of blood glucose, and microscopic examination of Candida spores found in the whole sample,
as well as Candida hyphae on two samples of the study. It was concluded that there is a correlation between salivary
glucose levels and blood glucose levels, and glucose levels affect the occurrence of oral candidiasis in patients with DM.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cavum oris to spectrum pattern of voice frequency on the clinical
implementation of pronouncing 7 words in a list of Indonesian words by 9 and 12 year-old children in Angle Class I
malocclusion with crowding variation. Analytical epidemiologic study with cross sectional design was performed in one
time measurement on the subject. The research subjects were 24 Javanese boys, who used standard and correct Bahasa
Indonesia. They were divided into two age-based groups: 12 children of 9 years old and 12 children of 12 years old. These
two groups pronounced the seven words in the list which have frequency in their dominant sounds on Angle class I
malocclusion with crowding variation. They are /produktif
/, /mushola/, /rupiah/, /identifikasi/, /yodium/, /hinggap/, and
/hujan/. The sound was directly recorded in sound-proof room employing sound recorder program, flat microphone
and sound processing mixer. Then the dominant sound frequency was measuredtogether with spectrum patterns of voice
frequency display by usingCoolEdit Pro 2
.0andExcel software. Theresults showedcavumoris volume of 9-year-old male
children is smaller than that of 12-year-old children. The spectrum pattern of voice frequency of the 7 words showed that
the pattern and frequency chart equations of the 9 year-olds are of a lower amplitude and thinner pattern than those of
the 12-year olds.

Complete dentures are not always functioning well in replacing teeth. Mastication, esthetics and phonetic has been
known to affect the quality of life. This study aims to determine the quality of life of elderly who use the full denture.
Descriptive analytic research with cross sectional study design was conducted in Makassar on May-June 2014. The
sample was obtained by stratified random sampling, by conducting interviews based on OHIP-14 questionnaires, door
to door on 162 elderly respondents. The results show that the highest score of the seven dimensions of OHIP-14 is on the
dimensions of physical disability, and the lower the score obtained, the better the quality of life. This research obtained
a mean score of 50.58, so it was concluded that the quality of life of the elderly in Makassar which uses the full denture
was categorized as good.

This study aim to compare the smear layer clearance on the apical third of the root canal walls instrumented with
convex triangular cross- section designed hand instruments, rectangular cross-section and convex triangular crosssection
designed rotary instruments. Mandibular premolars that met the inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups
of 10 samples, and prepared using convex triangular cross section design hand instruments, convex triangular crosssection
and
rectangular

cross-section design rotary instruments. After preparation and drainage, the sample was cut
into halves using a stainless steel chisel, a section was randomly selected and examined using SEM with 1000 X. This
study showed that the smear layer clearance of hand instrument group was the lowest compared to other two groups,
the rotary instruments with rectangular cross-section design showed the highest percentage smear layer clearance
among the three groups.
It was concluded that root canal preparation using a rotary instrument design convex
triangular cross section produces hygiene apical third of the canal walls of the smear layer significantly compared to
manual instruments designed convex triangular cross section and root canal preparation with a rotary instrument design
of rectangular cross section produces hygiene apical third of the wall root canal of the smear layer significantly
compared convex design of triangular cross section.