Objective: The aim of this literature review was to study the underlying mechanisms of the association between Periodontal disease and Prostate Cancer.

Methods: This study is literature review study, pubmed searching was used to find scientific article about association of periodontal disease and Prostate Cancer

Results: Study about the Association between Periodontal disease and Prostate cancer by 12-year Longitudinal Cohort Study in South Korea using  Multivariate  Cox proportional Hazard Regression Analysis Periodontal Disease show a significantly and positively association with Prostrate Cancer. There may exist shared underlying genetic factors that increase the risk of both periodontal disease and cancers. Periodontitis might be associated with increased cancer risk, particularly with hematological, breast and prostate cancers. Direct correlation between periodontal disease and prostrate cancer is still unclear. It was hyphotesized that microorganisms involved in chronic periodontitis may directly induce mutations in the tumor-suppresor genes and proto-oncogenes or alter the signalling pathways that in turn stimulates cancer growth

Conclusion: Periodontal disease may associate to prostate cancer by mutation induction in tumor-suppresor genes.

Objective: This study aim to determine the effectivity of hand washing technique using the World Health Organization (WHO) method with Ultraviolet Light Assessment on health workers at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas of Sumatera Utara February-March 2018.

Material and Methods: This study was an experimental study with a one group pre-test post-test group design. The sampling method used in this study was purposive sampling. 18 undergraduate students in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery participated as subjects of this study. Sample was assessed before and after hand washing using WHO method.

Results: Hand washing technique using WHO method was effective on the palm, back of hands, between fingers, and thumbs (p<0.05) while on fingertips was not effective (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Effectivity of hand washing technique using WHO method with the Ultraviolet Light Assessment on health workers at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara February – March 2018 was effective.

Objective: Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is complicated by pain and swelling. The surgical wound can be closed either partially or completely. This study compared the incidence of postoperative pain and swelling between partial and complete wound closure techniques.

Material and Methods: 120 consenting subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 had complete wound closure while Group 2 had partial closure.  The mean duration of surgery was 3.63 minutes higher in complete wound closure than the partial wound closure technique.  The research subjects were evaluated for the degree of pain and swelling at 24 hours, 3^rd and 5^th days postoperatively using verbal rating scale (VRS) for pain and visual analogue scale (VAS)for swelling. The chi (x²) test was used to determine associations between categorical variables, and a p-value of 0.05 or less was considered significant in this study. Repeated measures ANOVA was done for pain and swelling.

Results: There were 62 (51.7%) males and 58 (48.3%) females; age range was 18 to 45 years and mean age was 31.7±5.7. Pain and swelling was maximal on the first postoperative day and this gradually reduced over time. Post hoc tests using Bonferroni correction revealed that wound closure technique elicited a reduction in pain from Day 1, Day 3 to Day 5 (2.92±0.28, 1.18±0.65 and 0.34±0.48, respectively) which was statistically significant (p=0.000). There was a significant difference in swelling between the two techniques (p=0.000).

Conclusion: The wound closure technique elicits a statistically significant reduction in postoperative pain and swelling. The partial third molar wound closure technique provides greater reduction in postoperative pain and swelling.

Objective: Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is considered effective in stimulating the occurrence of enamel remineralization after application of bleaching materials. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) can be synthesized from the shell of the blood clam (Anadara granosa) and the substances contained can be measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Material and Methods: The samples used in this study were 6 premolars of one upper jaw prepared by buccal and palatal crown with size of 5×5×2 mm (12 enamel disc), soaked in saline solution then divided into 2 treatment groups. Initial calcium percentage examinations were performed on each sample before bleaching material application. Next, bleaching material was applied to the sample according to the manufacturer's instructions and calcium level in each treatment group was re-examined. Application of CPP-ACP paste and nHA synthesis of blood clam (anadara granosa) shells was performed after bleaching with an hour application time per day for 7 consecutive days, and re-examined afterwards. The calcium percentage examination is performed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) tools. Data are collected and examined.

Results: Data were collected and analyzed using independent t test. The results indicate that remineralization with nHA from synthesis results of blood clam shells increased the calcium levels of samples that had been extracoronally bleached, but statistically there was no significant difference with the value of p = 0.345 (p> 0.05)

Conclusion: The nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) application of blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) synthesis results can increase the percentage of calcium after the application of extracoronal bleaching materials.

Objective: To determine  the prevalence of patients with asymmetric mandible based on age, gender, and severity that examined  using CBCT section of the Dental and Oral Hospital of Hasanuddin University.

Material and Methods: Secondary data from dental records (CBCT data) of patients at Dental and Maxillofacial Department in Dental and Oral Hospital of Hasanuddin University from January 2014 - March 2016 were examined. The data collected to calculate the prevalence of asymmetric mandible from CBCT image and then presented in tabular form.

Results: From this research  it is found  that the age group 36-50 years was the top ranked in prevalence of asymmetric mandible, and there is no significant difference between the number of male and female patients.

Conclusion: Asymmetric mandible caused by pathological factors have the highest incident

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of the oyster mushroom extract (pleurotusspp) on streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Material and Methods: This research was a laboratory-based experimental studies with post test only control group design used Kirby Bauer agar/diffusion method. This study used extract concentrations of 20%, 30%, 50%, and positive control (chlorhekaisidin) with 4 times repetition of the treatment. The measuring instrument was a caliper with millimeters (mm).

Results: One way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of the oyster mushroom extract against the inhibition zone diameter of streptococcus mutans bacteria formed at concentrations of 20%, 30%, 50%, and positive controls with a mean of 11.3 mm, 12 , 6 mm, 13.8 mm, and 19.6 mm. Data test results obtained p = 0,000 (p <0,05). This shows that oyster mushrooms extract in inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans bacteria were categorized as strong category.

Conclusion: Oyster mushrooms extract (pleurotusspp) has inhibitory effect on streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Objective: To describe that Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is an autoim­mune multisystem disease with unknown etiolo­gy, characterized by the classic triad of necrotizing granulomas affecting the upper and lower respiratory tracts, disseminated vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. WG can affect any organ including kidneys, eyes or other organs. Oral involvement, like strawberry gingivitis, is an important sign of this disease even though it is rare.

Methods: A 19 years old female was referred to oral medicine clinic with the chief complaint swelling on the gingiva which was increasing widespread. Since one month before the gingival enlargement did not respond to antibiotic.  Intraoral examination, showed gingival enlargement at the upper anterior, palate, and first left mandibular molar. The swollen tissue was characterized by its granularity, short bulbous projections and bright red colour. The gingival appearance mimicking an overripe strawberry and extra oral examination showed cutaneous vasculitis at the hands and feet.  Laboratory evaluation presented erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP and eGFR (modified MORD) were elevated but the urinalysis was within normal ranges. Based on the anamnesis, clinical and laboratory examination, WG diagnosis was made. The patient was treated with oral corticosteroids and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.1% mouthwash.

Results: The gingival inflammation improved after one month therapy and the patient still being followed-up at reguler time. 

Conclusions: Early detection of oral manifestation of WG is important for dentists, especially oral medicine specialist, in order to achieve adequate treatment and preventing systemic tissue or organ damage.

Objective: The aim of the periodontal treatment is to provide healthy and functional dentition all through a lifetime. The primary objective of this case report is to describe that periodontal disease in the elderly complicated by medical compromise should be treated and the results will be very satisfactory.

Methods: Female 68 year old with cardiovascular disease took Amlodipine and Aspirin medication since two months ago. Patients complained of enlarged gingiva, all of the teeth become mobility. Periodontal surgery is performed by previously referring back to the internist to prepare patient condition facing periodontal surgery.

Results: After several fase periodontal treatment, the gingival inflamation demonstrated a good control and periodontal status become more stable.

Conclusion: Although managing periodontal disease in elderly is complicated, the proper control of the periodontal infection and inclusion of other healthcare professionals will improve the prognosis and get a satisfactory result. In fact, studies demonstrate that elderly individuals whose comprehensive management includes dental care develop fewer co-morbid conditions and require less expenditure of healthcare rupiahs.