Objective: To review the classifications of denture patient’s mental attitude in order to expand reader’s knowledge and help practitioners to confront their patient.

Methods: Electronic search in internet to find articles which were published in last 20 years with keywords “patient mental attitude” and “house classification”. Articles were then selected by reviewing the title and abstract.

Results: Based on data search, there are eight journal articles that suitable with the inclusion criteria.

Conclusion: It is important for dentists to recognize patient’s mental attitude before patient’s general condition to help dentist to communicate and deal with patient along their mental attitude, in order to create a bond of trust between patient and practitioner, facilitate the treatment procedure and make a better treatment result.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to find condyle trabecular bone density of hypertension patients evaluating from panoramic radiograph using software imageJ.

Material and Methods: The type of research is descriptive using purposive sampling method, 25 panoramic radiographs of hypertension patients aged 25-45 years old are obtained. The condyle trabecular analysis is done using software ImageJ with region of interest (ROI) 50×50 pixel.

Results: This shows that the condyle trabecular bone density of hypertension patients evaluated from panoramic radiograph using software ImageJ in trabecular area 29.929% and marrow area 70.071%.

Conclusion: This research is that the condyle trabecular on hypertension patients evaluated from panoramic radiograph using software ImageJ was decreasing.

Objective:Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ) has been widely used in many dental treatments such as pulp capping, dentin hypersensitivity and as an endodontic intracanal medicament. Ca(OH)2 is highly alkaline, has antimicrobial, and remineralization action by releasing Ca2+ and OH. Ca2+ release plays an important role in cell proliferation and remineralization of hard tissue healing. Indonesian limestone can be synthesized to produce Ca(OH)2 that can be an alternative to commercial Ca(OH)2 available. Therefore this study aimed to synthesized a Ca(OH)2 prototype and evaluate the Ca2+ released by the Ca(OH)2 prototype.

Material and Methods: Ca(OH)2 prototype was synthesized from limestone by calcination process and characterized by XRD and FTIR. The Ca(OH)2 prototype was then manipulated to a pasta form by mixing the powder with distilled water in 0.8 w/p ratio then inserted to a polyethylene tubed (2x10mm) using and immersed in 10 ml distilled water. Samples were divided into three groups for different periods of Ca2+ evaluation (1, 7 and 14 days). The Ca2+ concentration released was measured by a Spectrophotometer (DIRUI DR-7000D). Data obtained were analyzed by Anova.

Results: The observations on one day immersion was 3.589 mg/dL, the observation for seven days was 3.736 mg/dL, and for 14 days was 3.850 mg/dL. Statistically p<0.05.

Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide prototype released a sustainable amount of Ca2+ up to 14 days with the highest concentration achieved on day 14th.

Objective:This study aims to determine the effect that occurs when heat cured acrylic resin is added hydroxyapatite which is synthesized from skipjack fish bones.

Material and Methods: This study using 27 samples of heat cured acrylic resin for each mechanical strength divided into 3 groups, namely groups with the addition of 0%, 2%, and 5% hydroxyapatite from the weight of the polymer.

Results: The analysis showed a significant decrease in transverse strength with 5% addition of hydroxyapatite group (One-way Anova test, p = 0.001), a significant decrease in impact strength occurred in both groups of 2% and 5% addition of hydroxyapatite (One-way Anova test, p = 0.000), and also the addition of 2% & 5% hydroxyapatite caused a significant decrease in tensile strength (One-way Anova test, p = 0.018).

Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite synthesized from skipjack fish bone affects the mechanical strength of acrylic resins, namely transverse, impact and tensile.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of 15 mg meloxicam administered 60 minutes before odontectomy on pain, facial edema, trismus and expressions of TNF-α after odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molar.

Material and Methods: A total of 24 patients were randomized into treatment groups, each with 12 patients: Group A was administered with 15 mg of meloxicam; and Group B with placebo. Drugs were administered orally 60 minutes prior to surgery. Observation of pain (seen from VAS scores), facial edema (seen from swollen cheeks), trismus (seen from mouth opening) and expressions of TNF-α (measured from saliva by ELISA method), performed before odontectomy, H+1 (24 hours after odontectomy) and H+3 (72 hours after odontectomy).

Results: Patients who received 15 mg meloxicam 60 minutes before odontectomy showed less postoperative pain (p=0.000), less facial edema (p=0.000) and lower expressions of TNF-α (p=0.000). No differences were found in mouth opening between the meloxicam group and placebo group (p=0.522). The higher level of TNF-α level will lead to higher level of pain, greater facial edema and causes smaller mouth opening.

Conclusion: Oral administration of 15 mg meloxicam 60 minutes prior to odontectomy was found more effective in reducing pain, facial edema and expressions of TNF-α after odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molar compared with placebo.

Objective: To find out the relation between stunting and the dental and oral status of toddlers.

Materials and Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach in Pidie district, Aceh. The subject consists of 70 stunting and normal toddlers. The method used is by measure the deft index and OHIS (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) in toddlers, and also giving questionnaires patterns of dental and oral health behavior. Processing of research data using SPSS 24.0 with Pearson Correlation test and Kendall tau test, also significant value p<0.05.

Results: Based on questionnaire results, many parents of stunted no attention to his oral hygiene of their toddlers. The results of measurements with deft index in stunting and normal toddlers show stunting toddlers at 6.13 (very high category) and normal toddlers 3.7 (Moderate category). Analytic with Pearson correlation test between nutritional status (stunting and normal) and deft results were 0.023<0.05 and OHIS were 0.010<0.05. Kendall’s tau test results showed a value of 0.020<0.05. There is a relationship between nutritional status variables with deft and there is a relationship between nutritional status variables and OHIS.

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between stunting with the dental and oral status in toddlers, the strength of the correlation is sufficient.

Objective:To identify the effect of myrmecodiapendens extract 20% on granulation tissue post-tooth extraction.

Material and Methods: Twenty-four caviacobaya divided into two groups: the control group and treatment group. Lower left incisor tooth subjects were extracted and the entire socket filled with CMC 0.5% in the control group and myrmecodiapendens extract 20% in the treatment group, 0.1 CC in each subject. On days 3, 7, 14, and 21 subjects were determined, subsequently, socket tissues were stained with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) technique. Angiogenesis, fibroblast, and macrophage were used to evaluated granulation tissue on wound healing post-tooth extraction. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test to see differences between the control group and treatment group with a level of significant p <0.05.

Results: This study indicates significant differences in angiogenesis, fibroblast, and macrophage between control group and treatment group (p <0.05).

Conclusion: This study confirmed the effect of myrmecodiapendens extract 20% increase angiogenesis, fibroblast, and macrophage, which is can improve wound healing process post-tooth extraction.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to report two cases and management of Ludwig’s angina in a Nigerian tertiary health facilty.

Methods: Ludwig’s angina is an acute onset, potentially life-threatening surgical emergency in young adults that presents with rapidly expanding, diffuse inflammation of the submandibular and sublingual spaces, mostly from odontogenic infections.

Results: One of the sequelae is airway compromise. Given the sparse health facilities and poor access to health, we observed an increasing rate of Ludwig’s angina secondary to odontogenic infections in our practice. We present two cases of Ludwig’s Angina arising from delayed dental treatment.

Conclusion: Socioeconomic status and unrest due to insurgency have hampered early presentation and management