Objective: The purpose of this review literature is to look at the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell secretome in the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

Methods: This literature review was collected from several journals and research that has been done, where the application of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promises a favourable result for cell-based therapy in inflammatory diseases, immune system disorders, regeneration, and tissue repair.

Results: MSCs possess a potent immunomodulatory function, paracrine effects, and the ability to differentiate into different cells. Not only mesenchymal stem cells can replace damaged tissue or cells but also secrete secretome namely bioactive ingredients such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory which play an essential role in regulating the host immune system. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease that occurs in the teeth supporting structures. Lately, many therapies for periodontal disease utilized MSCs from gingival tissue and periodontal ligaments. Secretome activates endogenous MSCs to improve the immune system in periodontal disease that might create a better microenvironment of periodontal tissue.

Conclusion: The secretome of MSCs has attracted a lot of attention and has the potential to repair and regenerate tissues including periodontal tissue

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of binahong (anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis) leaves extract in inhibiting the streptococcus mutans growth.

Material and Methods:  The study is true experimental laboratories with posttest-only control group design. The study sample used was binahong leaves and streptococus mutans bacteria that were multiplied in Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This study used seven treatment groups namely, 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% binahong leaves extract, amoxicillin (positive control) and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) (negative control). Testing the treatment group for the streptococcus mutans was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with four repetitions. Extract was done by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent.

Results: Indicate that the binahong leaves extract can inhibit the growth of streptococcus mutans which can be seen from the clear zone formed on paper discs that have been given binahong leaves extract with a concentration of 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, along with amoxicillin and dimethylsulfoxide/DMSO. The results also showed a significant difference in diameter of the inhibition zone from each treatment group (p <0.005).

Conclusion: Binahong leaves extract has antibacterial ability because it can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity and compared to other concentrations, 75% concentration is more effective in inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association of salivary pH, dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in middle school students in eastern Makassar

Material and Methods: This study included 60 middle school students from two schools in eastern Makassar. Data were collected by filling out a questionnaire, weight and height measurement, dental examination, and saliva collection. Body mass index was calculated by dividing weight and height in kg/m², saliva was collected by draining method, and salivary pH was measured with Saliva-Check Buffer (GC Japan). Decay Missing Filled-Teeth (DMF-T) indexes are used to assess dental caries. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square and ANOVA with a significance of 0.05.

Results: This study showed that overweight and obesity are more prevalent in female students than male students. Salivary pH in underweight students and overweight and obese students were lower compared to normal BMI students, while DMF-T score in underweight, overweight, and obese students were higher than the normal BMI students.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that BMI have a significant association with salivary pH and DMF-T score.

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Objective: To determine indirect measurements through digital photographs of the face to predict physiological vertical dimensions and correlation of physiological vertical dimensions measurement directly on faces with indirect measurements through digital photographs of faces.

Material and Methods: This was observational analytic with cross sectional study design. The subjects were 50 students of faculty of dentistry, Hasanuddin University who met the inclusive criteria. Measurement of digital photographs was analyzed using Apikal software (Vertical Dimension Application)

Results: Kruskal Wallis test on faces and digital photographs obtained p value 0.537 and 0.157 (p > 0.05) respectively, mean the distance in the subnation-gnation (Sn-Gn) and distance from the interpupil line to the lip commissure (IP-Ka and IP-Ki) on the face and digital photographs did not have significant differences. From pearson correlation test, obtained p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) mean there was correlation between manual measurements with Apikal measurements on IP-Ka, IP-Ki, and Sn-Gn reference points with r values of 0.703, 0.711, 0.800 respectively, which means the correlation is strong and positive.

Conclusion: Measurement of physiological vertical dimensions indirectly on digital photographs can be used to predict physiological vertical dimensions using apikal software and there is a significant correlation between direct measurements on the face and indirectly on digital photos with strong correlation and positive values.

Objective: To describe the characteristics, knowledge, perceptions and experiences of dentists regarding the use of teledentistry in Makassar, Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey with 87 dentists in Makassar as respondents. The service was carried out by distributing questionnaires in the form of statements and questions regarding the use of teledentistry as a dental care medium. This study used univariate analysis.

Results: Most of the respondents were aged 31-40 years (43.7%) and 71.3% of the respondents were women. As many as 60.9% of respondents have good knowledge about the use of teledentistry. As many as 80.5% of respondents have a good perception of the use of teledentistry. As many as 58.6% of respondents have no experience in using teledentistry.

Conclusion: Generally dentists in Makassar already have a good knowledge in understanding teledentistry as utilization. dental care media. Generally dentists in Makassar have a good perception in interpreting the use of teledentistry as dental care media. Most of the dentists have no experience in the use of teledentistry as dental care media.

Objective: To determine the effect of packaged coffee drinks consumption to corrosion rate of stainless steel orthodontic wire.

Material and Methods: This study is laboratory experimental with post-test only with control group design and using stainless steel orthodontic wire with total of 16 samples. The wire length is 6 cm and diameter is 0.41 mm. Samples were divided into 4 groups with 1 group of artificial saliva and 3 groups with a packaged coffee drinks substitution. Measurement of corrosion rate was done by using potensiostat tool and data analysis using SPSS version 23 and Kruskal Wallis and post hoc Mann Whitney test with significant value of p>0.05.

Results: Luwak and robusta packaged coffee group had lower corrosion rate value than the control group. While arabica packaged coffee group had higher corrosion rate value than the control group.

Conclusion: Arabica packaged coffee drinks had the biggest effect on corrosion rate of stainless steel orthodontic wire.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the swelling behaviour of Hand Polyvinyl Acetate/Polyvinyl alcohol (HANP/PVA) and HANP/PVA/Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) composites.

Material and Methods: This study was divided into 2 groups, HANP/PVA and HANP/PLGA/PVA composites which prepared by freeze drying methods. HANP 20% (w/w) was combined with PLGA 20% (w/w) and dissolved in PVA solution at 50^oC. Swelling behaviour was obtained by measured initial weight (Wi) and the weight of composites after immersing in PBS pH 7.4; 37^oC for 7 days (swollen weight (Ws)). Statistical analysis based on Independent T-test (p<0.05).

Results: The Wi of HANP/PVA and HANP/PLGA/PVA composites are 467±4.73 and 292±9.52. The Ws of HANP/PVA and HANP/PLGA/PVA composites are 897±26.61 and 860±32.36. Furthermore, the water retention of HANP/PVA composite is 92.07% (p<0.05) and HANP/PLGA/PVA composite is 194.52% (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The addition of PLGA enhance swelling behaviour of HANP/PVA composites. The strong interaction between HANP and PVA decrease the swelling re. HANP is inert in nature, but the combination of HANP/PLGA/PVA can be a good substitute for alveolar preservation.

The impaction of mandibular premolars is a challenging complication in tooth eruption. The arrested eruption of the lower premolars can determine disturbances of mastication and aesthetics. Moreover, the frequent tight relationship between the impacted premolar and the inferior alveolar nerve makes the management of this condition extremely difficult. In this article, we report the management and the outcome of the surgical treatment of an unusual case of impacted mandibular premolar.