Objective: To determine prevalence of Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) by radiographic evaluation and to investigate the relationship between the finding in relation with age, gender and location in Indonesia Sub-Population.

Material and Methods: this was a cross-sectional study that panoramic radiograph of patients (1030 male and 1914 female) whose age range 10-82 years old and who visited Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital from 2017 and 2020. We evaluated group of age, location, appearance and occurrence of IO and analyzed using chisquare test.

Results: in total, 2944 panoramic radiographs were examined, IO found in 144 (4.8%) patients and 170 IO’s were detected. IO detected mostly in mandible than maxilla (p<0.005) where premolar and molar area was the most common location of IO (42.3% and 41.7%; respectively). Most of cases was solitary lesion (<0.005) and unilateral (<0.005).  In addition, most of IO separate from teeth (45.8%) and also related with periapical site (35.3%).

Conclusion:  Idiopathic Osteosclerosis can defined as developmental variation that can occur in any age range, no predilection of sex. The frequency of IO in Indonesia Sub-population is slightly lower than other country

Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lidocaine of local anaesthetic agent in inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Material and Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experimental with a post test only control group design. Microorganism used was streptococcus mutans and cultured at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The local anaesthetic tested was a solution of lidocaine diluted with NaCl 0.9% to 0.5%, 1%, and  2%. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using diffusion method by dripping 25 µl of lidocaine (0.5%, 1%, 2%), positive control (amoxicillin), and negative control (NaCl 0.9%) on disc paper, then placed on nutrient agar, and incubated. After 24 hours, the inhibition zone formed around the disc paper was observed.

Results: Lidocaine showed antibacterial activity with the inhibition zone of 0.5%, 1%, 2% concentration was 6.98 mm, 7.66 mm, 8.36 mm. Then the data was analyzed using the One-way ANOVA test. From these results, there was a significant difference in the mean of the inhibitin zone (p < 0.05) between 0.5%, 1%, and 2% lidocaine, positive control, and negative control.

Conclusion: Lidocaine has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria with an effective concentration of 2%.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of 8% and 16% cocoa bean extract gel in the healing of Wistar rats gingival incision wound.

Methods: Cocoa beans were extracted using the maceration method, diluted with a concentration of 8% and 16%, and the addition of CMC-Na as gel basis. The 24tailed mice are divided into 6 mouse-tails of treatment 1 given the 8% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tails of treatment 2 given the 16% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tailed mice positive groups given the drug Oxoferin solution 0,001%, and 6-tails of negative group given aquades. The treatment and wound length assessment of rats were carried out on the 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day, 7th and 10th days, then dieutanasia on day 10 using ether anesthesia and carried out the cutting of the mandibular bone using the gingival tissue to wound re-epithelialization observation with a microscope (Olympus BX-41) 200X magnification.

Results: One-way ANOVA and Post-HOC LSD tests presented a significant difference in the length of Wistar rats gingival wound closure between the treatment group that applied 16% cocoa bean gel extract, the negative and positive control groups, while between the 8% gel extract, the negative and positive control groups showed insignificant differences. Mean gingival incision wound re-epithelialization of each group on day 10 was 24.57 µm, 28.93 µm, 50.63 µm, 48.03 µm respectively.

Conclusion: The 16% cocoa bean extract gel treatment is effective in healing the gingival incision wound of Wistar rats after applied for 10 days.

Objective:  Poor denture hygiene could be a risk factor for denture stomatitis. Tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) can be used as a base for denture cleaning because tobacco leaves contain ingredients that are antibacterial and antifungal. Is there any effect of tobacco leaf extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) effervescent tablets with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, as an acrylic resin denture cleaner on the growth of C albicans and an effective concentration in the formulation of tobacco leaf extract effervescent tablets as a acrylic resin denture cleaner against the growth of C.albicans

Material and Methods: The type of this research is a laboratory experimental study with a randomized posttest only control group design. The samples were divided into 5 sample groups, namely: acrylic plate immersed in Effervescent tablet of tobacco leaf extract with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% for 30 minutes, acrylic plate for the commercially sold effervescent tablet for 20 minutes and acrylic plate immersed in distilled water for 30 minutes. The acrylic resin plate contaminated with C.albicans was then measured using a spectrometer to see the turbidity. Then the data analyzed using one way ANOVA.

Result: There were significant differences in all groups, except for the effervescent tablets of tobacco leaf extract (nicotiana tabacum L.) with 75% concentration and commercially sold denture cleanser effervescent tablets which was .473. There was no significant difference.

Conclusion: Effervescent tablets of Tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are 75% effective in inhibiting C.albicans with immersion time of 30 minutes.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the application of carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% on open flap debridement towards osteocalcin expression of periodontitis induced Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Material and Methods: Six rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into three groups, which are carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% group, carbonated hydroxyapatite group, and open flap debridement group. Periodontitis on animal models was inducted with a combined technique using ligation and LPS injection of P.gingivalis. On each group, the animals were decapitated on day 7 and day 14 after the designated treatment. The immunohistochemistry assay was used to measure the osteocalcin expression. The data were analyzed statistically with Two Way Anova and continued with post hoc LSD.

Results: The results showed that the carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% group had the highest osteocalcin expression on day 7, followed by carbonated hydroxyapatite group and the open flap debridement group (p<0,05). There was no significant difference in the expression of osteocalcin on day 7 and day 14 (p>0,05) on the carbonated hydroxyapatite-10% propolis group.

Conclusion: The application of carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% could increase the osteocalcin expression on periodontitis induced Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Objective: this study have aims to look at the effectiveness of gargling with extract oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) on forming plaque in ECC ( Early Childhood Caries ) patient.

Material and Method: This study was conducted in  Sudiang Asri Islamic kindergarten children in April-May 2018. This study used a pretestposttest design with a control group. A total sample is 90 person suffering from ECC. The sample was divided into three groups, namely Chlorhexidine gluconant 0.2%, Aquadest Steril and solution of oyster mushroom extract concentration of 50%. The score were measured using the Grenee and Vermillion methods about before and after the intervention. Analysis data use SPSS version 22.0 for windows.

Results: The result of the independent t – test that showed different significant about before and after the treatment of oyster mushroom extract (pleurotus ostreatus) (p<0,05). The result of index debris on chlorhexidine gluconant 0,2% in the pre test of 1.681 ± 0.538, and in the post test of 1.486 ± 0.429. Debris index result on sterill Aquadest in the pre test was 1.492 ± 0.498 and in the post test was 1.486 ± 0.429. While the debris index result in a solution of 50% oyster mushroom extract in the pre test of 1.813 ± 0.447 and in the post test of 1.513 ± 0.483.

Conclusion: Giving a gargle solution with oyster mushroom extract  (pleurotus ostreatus) can inhibit dental plaque.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe the management of a visually impaired 12-year-old child by using ‘ATP technique’ and ‘Tell-Feel-Do technique’.

Methods: A 12-year-old female child reported to the department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Army College of Dental Sciences, with the chief complaint of decay in lower left back tooth since 1 month. The patient was completely blind since birth. Learning

Results: Most of the skills, technique, and activities carried out routinely are related to our vision. In people with visual impairement, there are limitations of moving around in different surroundings and performing basic activities due to which managing them becomes a challenging task for Pediatric dentists.

Conclusion: With the introduction of ATP (Audio-Tactile Performance) it has become easier for both dentist and the child to get along with each other and also the dentist can easily convey all the procedures to be done in child.