Objective: To compare the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser to other chemical agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

Methods: Pubmed, EbscoHost, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between 2012 to 2022 in English, reporting randomized clinical trials, completed and with results. This systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines with PROSPERO CRD42022325046, and a critical appraisal of the literature was assessed by using JBI’s Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials.

Results: From 5536 articles found in the search based on keywords, 354 were filtered based on study design and desired period range, and six randomized clinical trials were eligible for the systematic review, reporting patients from 18 to 65 years old, with clinical diagnosis of dentin hypersensitive, that evaluate the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser, compared to pre-treatment using visual analog scale, yeaple probe scale, verbal rating scale and laser doppler flowmetry (LDF). These studies evaluated 159 patients and at least 402 hypersensitive teeth. Follow-up periods were considered from immediate to six months post-treatment. All active ingredients and laser treatment effectively reduce dentin hypersensitive and can maintain its efficacy over time. Only one study suggested treatment with Nd:YAG laser is not significant compared to Er,Cr:YSGG laser.

Conclusion: Nd:YAG presents a significant immediate reduction of dentin hypersensitive and shows promising results in the long time effects. More standardized evaluation protocols should be implemented to increase the robustness of the results.

Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, tooth sensitivity, dentin hypersensitivity treatment, laser, Nd:YAG, dentin desensitizing agent

Objective: To evaluate the cleanliness smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall in teeth irrigated with 5% and 10% Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles. Method: Vitro experimental laboratory with posttest control group design. A total of 30 mandibular permanent premolars were decorated to an average tooth length of 13 mm. The teeth were divided into 5 groups, with 6 samples per group and each sample was irrigated with 5 ml for 5 minutes. Group I (negative control) irrigated with aquadest steril, group II (positive control) irrigated with NaOCl 5,25%, group III (positive control) irrigated with a combination of NaOCl 5,25% and EDTA 17%, group IV (test group) irrigated with Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles 5% and group V (test group) irrigated with Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles 10%. All samples were tested for cleanliness of the smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall using CLSM. Result: Average score cleanliness of the smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall the highest are groups IV and V but not significantly different from group III. Groups IV and V were significantly higher than groups II and I, while the lowest was group I. Conclusion: Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles 5% and 10% were effective in cleaning the smear layer on the apical third of the root canal wall.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, nanoparticles, smear layer, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

Objective: RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling is being considered as the pathway periodontitis induces osteoclastogenesis. Alveolar bone resorption and increased osteoclast activity are both triggered by a greater RANKL/OPG ratio in periodontitis. Gambir contains catechins and quercetin, which have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to analyze the anti-osteoclastogenesis effect of gambir extract gel through RANKL and OPG serum levels, the number of osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in alveolar bone tissue of Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups, each receiving a different treatment: Group I received a placebo gel, Group II received Tetracycline gel, Group III received 8% gambir extract gel, and Group IV received 10% gambir extract gel. After 21 days, the serum levels of RANKL and OPG were assessed using ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the bone tissue preparation was followed by microscopic counting of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Results: Significant differences in RANKL serum levels were seen in Group I (0.70 + 0.020) with Group III (0.031 + 0.014) (p=0.018) and Group I with Group IV (0.038 + 0.012) (p=0.041). Serum levels of OPG differed significantly between Groups I (0.165+0,125) and IV (0.536+0.182) p=(0.015). The number of Osteoblast in Group I (1.16+ 0.40) and IV (1.33+1.03) were significantly different (p=0.023). The number of Osteoclast in Group I (4.33+1.50) and IV (1.5+0.83) were significantly different (p=0.008). Conclusion: Gambir Extract Gel 10% inhibits osteoclastogenesis by increasing osteoblast and decreasing osteoclast numbers by more than 8%, decreasing RANKL, and elevating OPG serum levels.

Keywords: Gambir Extract Gel, Osteoclastogenesis, Periodontitis

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the viability and proliferation properties of the DFDBBX in MC3T3-E1 cell line Material and Methods Bovine was milled to reach nano sizes of 100-200 nm. We used 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL to incubate MC3T3-E1 cells in the following experiment. Immunocytochemistry methods were performed using a Live/Dead cell imaging kit to investigate the viability of MC3T3-E1. To investigate the proliferation of MC3T3-E1, ICC was performed using an anti-Ki67 antibody. Using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), the cells were observed at LSIH Brawijaya University. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05 Results The highest intensity of living cells was DFDBBX 8 mg/ml on day 7 (739.46 A.U.; p < 0.05), indicating that DFDBBX 8 mg/ml had an effect of increasing cell viability two times compared to control. Ki67 intensity in MC3T3-E1 cell culture was highest on day seven and treated DFDBBX 8 mg/ml (186.04 A.U.; p< 0.05), which indicated the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells increased nine times compared to the first day and two times greater than the control group Conclusion DFDBBX have great viability and proliferation properties, which shows potentially as biomaterials to repair bone loss

Objective: To determine the surface roughness and surface hardness difference in composite resin provisional crown before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste.

Material and Methods: This was a pre- and post-test group design experimental study. In this study, the sample was a composite resin provisional crown based on bis-acryl. The number of samples in this study was 32 samples, 16 for the surface roughness test and the other 16 for the surface hardness test. Each sample was brushed using a V8-Brushing Machine Modified, then tested for surface roughness and hardness using a Profilometer and Vickers Hardness Tester.

Results: The paired T test was used to analyze the results statistically. There was a significant difference between the groups before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste. (p<0.05).

Conclusion: After simulated brushing with whitening toothpaste, there was a change in the the provisional crown material surface roughness and hardness value.

Introduction: The effect of bleaching on tooth structure is the loss of interprismatic substance which causes prism irregularities and changes in enamel morphology such as increased porosity and demineralization. This can be stopped by encouraging remineralization if the pH is neutralized and there are enough calcium and phosphate ions in the oral cavity. One agent that can be used to help the remineralization process is nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) which is a bioactive and biocompatible material for the natural mineral enamel. This study aims to determine change in the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite synthesized from blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) and CPP-ACP as a positive control. Material and methods: The research design was a pre-post test control group design. Six maxillary first premolars were cut to the CEJ with a size of 5x5x2 mm then 40% hydrogen peroxide was applied. The first group was applied nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and the second group was applied CPP-ACP. Determination the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite was carried out before and after bleaching and after aplication of remineralizing agent. Results: The study showed an decrease the porosity, calcium, phospate and increase hydroxyapatite precentage after sampel was applied to the remineralizating material nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and CPP-ACP. Conlusion: nHA results of blood clam shell synthesis has the potential to be used as an enamel remineralization agent after in-office bleaching.

Key words: Blood clam shell, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, In-office bleaching, Nano Hydroxyapatite

Objective: Oral candidiasis is the most opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patient. Neoplasms may also frequently be found in the oral cavity of HIV/AIDS patient and may indicate the progression of HIV infection. Case Report: A 56-year-old complaint of yellowish-white spots in oral cavity and swelling in the palate accompanied with shortness of breath and difficulty in eating and swallowing. Various medication was used to relieve the complaints but there were no improvements. He claimed a weight loss of 10 kg in last three months. Physically showed pale and weakness. Intraorally, diffuse pseudomembranous was found throughout the oral cavity to pharynx, and an exophytic mass with red color at the palate area extending to oropharynx. Direct mycology test, complete blood count examination and HIV rapid test were conducted. Results: Topical antifungal and antiseptic mouthwash was prescribed after direct mycology test result was positive for Candida albicans, a reactive anti-HIV examination with immunochromatography confirmed the patients was HIV and referral to head and neck oncologist for the Kaposi’s sarcoma. In second visit, two days after therapy, the pseudomembrane slightly reduced, but complaints of tightness still felt. Unfortunately, the patients passed away after second visit and have not yet received therapy from head and neck oncologist. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis may be the oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS which may accompanied by oral malignant lesions. Due to the late management of the oral candidiasis and oral malignant lesion, may result in poor prognosis for the treatment of the patient.

Objective: This case report aimed to describe a case of a post-core-crown restoration in an anterior tooth that had been endodontically treated with a direct monobloc technique using a composite resin material. Methods: After root canal treatment on tooth 11, a post cavity was made in the root canal with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 5 mm. The post cavity was then filled with dual-cure resin cement and light-polymerized. Next, the core build-up is carried out using the same material, and crown preparation is carried out with a circumferential chamfer margin. The crown was made with direct composite resin materials with the aid of a silicone key to create a palatal enamel wall and then proceeded with the bilaminar technique until the crown was finished. Results: Three months' follow-up showed that the restoration was still in good condition and could function optimally. Conclusion: Post-core-crown restoration using direct monoblock technique using composite resin material shows good results and is aesthetically acceptable after three months of follow-up.

Keywords: Endodontically treated tooth, Post-Core-Crown, Monoblock