Objective: To compare the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and connective tissue graft (CTG) in gingival recession treatment using coronally advanced flap (CAF)

Methods: Electronic Pubmed, Wiley, and EMBASE searches were conducted to identify articles published in dental journals without any restrictions of publication date. Gingival recession depth (RD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and % complete root coverage (CRC) were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Patients with discomfort postsurgery was measured by comparing visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Manual searches of human clinical trial and related articles were performed afterward. There are 31 studies explained about this, but only 6 studies met the inclusion criteria

Results: The initial database search produced 221 titles. All articles were selected for full-text review. Six studies were selected for inclusion, with 88 patients as subjects. Most of the studies showed the decreased of RD, PD, CAL and the increased of KTW in both techniques at baseline and 6 months follow up. The percentage of CRC showed higher in CTG rather than PRF whereas VAS score showed lower in PRF group

Conclusion: Both PRF + CAF and CTG + CAF techniques are effective procedures in the treatment of gingival recession. The combination of CAF+CTG achieved a better result in root coverage however, PRF avoids a donor site, which means a major decrease in postoperative discomfort.

Objective: To analyze antibacterial activity of essential oil extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes against bacteria causing pulp necrosis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Material and Methods: The method used in this research was disc-diffusion on MH-A media, based on the standard protocol of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). This method used 4 replications in each of the study group. The study group consists of 4 different concentration groups (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% ) of Temulawak rhizomes essential oil extracts, ChKM and Cresophene were used as the positive control group and DMSO (10%) and Tween 80 (0.5%) was used as the negative control group.

Results: The inhibition zones of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of temulawak rhizomes essential oil extracts against E. faecalis were 8.17 mm, 8.54 mm, 9.53 mm, and 10.17 mm, respectively. Whereas, the inhibition zones of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of temulawak rhizomes essential oil extracts against F. nucleatum were 8.54 mm, 8.95 mm, 9.65 mm and 10.75 mm, respectively. Data analysis using Kruskal-Wallis in both of bacteria showed p=0.00 (p<0.05) and therefore, significant levels of inhibition.

Conclusion: Essential oil extracts from C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes has medium antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and F. nucleatum.

Objective: To examine the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate seed using a time-kill-assay by measuring the number of bacteria left at a various time points after exposure to the substance.

Material and Methods: Pomegranate seeds were extracted by a maceration method using 70% ethanol as the solvent. The extract was evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using a microdilution method. The concentration used in time-kill-assay were 2 to 4 times MBC value and 48 hours incubation time as the initial value. Correlation of the concentration and time duration using semi-log graph, i.e. the x-axis as time duration with variation interval of 30, 60 and 90-seconds.  Y-axis is the logarithmic value of the bacterial colonies number.

Results: Bacteriostatic effect was observed at 4000 ppm concentration at 30, 60 and 90-seconds time intervals. The bactericidal effect was observed at 8000 ppm of concentration at the 90-second time interval, whereas 30 and 60-seconds remained bacteriostatic.

Conclusion: The pomegranate seeds ethanolic extract is considered as antibacterial with a concentration-dependent category.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the comparison of blood clam (anadara granosa) shell paste, shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) shell paste and casein phosphopeptideamorphus calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste as teeth remineralization material.

Material and Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with cross sectional design. Study sample was 15 maxillary central incisors that were applied with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours, then assessed with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Samples were divided into 3 groups: 5 samples were applied using blood clam (anadara granosa) shell paste, 5 samples using shrimp shell paste and 5 samples were applied using CPP-ACP paste every 8 hours for 14 consecutive days then checked with EDS. Data analysis using SPSS test independent t-test to see comparison of blood clam (anadara granosa) shell paste, shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) shell paste and casein phosphopeptide-amorphus calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste as teeth remineralization material.

Results: The result of this study showed P> 0.05 which means there was no significant difference between blood clam shell paste, shrimp shell paste and CPP-ACP mineral composition.

Conclusion: Blood clam shell paste and shrimp shell paste has an effective value to be used as tooth remineralization material.

Objective: To compare disinfecting effectiveness of 2% glutaraldehyde and 4.8% chloroxylenol on tooth extraction instruments at the Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Material and Methods: This was an experimental study with post-test only control group design approach. Purposive technique is applied to collect samples which are lower molar extraction forceps. In this study, sample were divided into 2 groups and each consisting of 18 instruments. The treatment group was treated with 2% glutaraldehyde while the control group was treated with 4.8% chloroxylenol. Each instrument was pre-cleaned using a brush, water and soap for both groups underwent the disinfection process.

Results: The results were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney Test. The comparison between glutaraldehyde and chloroxylenol showed a significant difference to the total bacteria count on instrument after disinfection (p=0.014 < 0.05).

Conclusion: 2% glutaraldehyde was more effective than 4.8% chloroxylenol at disinfecting lower molar extraction forceps.

Objective: Tooth extraction in oral surgery can lead to bleeding. Ozone water is a material that is able to accelerate healing process and prevent socket inflammation by stimulating and speeding up the work of cells like fibroblasts. Moreover, ozone water quickens the release of oxygen to the tissue to kill microorganism in tooth socket and accelerate healing process.

Material and Methods: This is experimental research using post-test only with control group design. Ozone water is made using DSM Aero High Voltage. The ozonation process takes 30 minutes and followed by soaking a tampon in the ozone water. Patients in the treatment group bite the tampon for 30 minutes while patients in the control group bite a dry tampon. After 30 minutes, the tooth socket is checked to observe the inflammation using the Gingival Score Index. Patients are instructed to come back 7 days after the tooth extraction to check on the inflammation. There is a total of 38 samples in the study and they are divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). This study is conducted in the Department of Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Faculty of Dentistry USU.

Results: The average of Gingival Index after 30 minutes is 0.42±0.507 and 0.95±0.911 for treatment and control groups, respectively. On day 7 the average is 0.00±0.00 for treatment group and 0.37±0.496 for control group.

Conclusion: Ozone water is able to stimulate and quicken the healing process for wounds and reduce the inflammation of the tooth socket.

Objective: Condyle fracture is a fracture that involves temporomandibular joint, resulting temporomandibular joint disorder. It often caused complications namely ankylosis and temporomandibular joint disorder. Trauma induced mandible fracture can leads to unilateral or bilateral condyle fracture.

Method: Nine teen years old male came with mouth bleeding and pain on left lower jaw joint. Clinical examination showed laceration on right chin and left condyle fracture.

Result: Management of patient to stitch laceration wound on chin region. Condyle fracture was treated conservatively using closed reduction method by arch bar and MMF rubber.

Conclusion: Condyle fracture management needs a particular concern using closed method or conservative and open method or surgery. This present case chose closed method referring minimal displacement of condyle fracture.

Objective: This report aims to explain how the bones taken from the operated areas of impacted third molars are used as autografts for implant placement.

Methods: Two patients with missing maxillary incisor, lack of alveolar bone support, and impacted third molar underwent an implant placement procedure with bone grafting and third molar removal, subsequently. In both cases, the implant was placed and resulted in a dehiscence-typed defect. The defect was filled with an autograft harvested from the operated area of impacted third molar, and then covered with PRF membrane and titanium mesh. The wound was sutured accordingly and evaluation was taken 3 months following the procedure.

Results: Under direct observation, in both cases, new bone formation appeared in the buccal region of the implant to the margin of the implant crestal. The implant was stable and no complications occurred.

Conclusion: On the basis of this finding, it can be concluded that operated area of impacted third molar can be considered as an ideal alternative for donor sites for patients who needed bone grafts and third molar extraction simultaneously.